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Changes in the global tea trade network











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    Bulletin
    Jute, kenaf, sisa. abaca, coir and allied fibres statistical bulletin 2023 2024
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    The Food and Agricultural Markets Analysis Team (FAMA), provides economic data and analysis on major agricultural raw materials, horticultural and tropical products. The Team also undertakes market reviews, outlook appraisals and projections and provides assistance to member countries in designing and implementing national policies for those agricultural commodities, which enter into international trade. The tables contained in this document bring together governments’ replies to the latest questionnaires, supplemented by other data available to the Secretariat at 31 December 2023. The statistical bulletin is prepared by the Markets and Trade Division, FAO, and it is available at the following FAO website: http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/jute-hard-fibres/en/
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    The evolution of the global structure of food and agricultural trade: Evidence from network analysis
    Background paper for The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets (SOCO) 2022
    2023
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    The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and the Russian–Ukrainian conflict, which began in February 2022, have tested the resilience of the food and agricultural trade network at a global level. The global dimension of these crises meets a policy landscape in which multilateral trade negotiations have largely stalled and regional approaches to trade integration are proliferating rapidly. Based on network analysis, this paper explores the evolution of the integration of the network of food and agricultural trade since the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) in 1995, the network structure and their implications for resilience to trade shocks. Food and agricultural trade evolved rapidly and countries worldwide became more connected to global markets in the period 1995–2007, but progress has since been limited. While countries are connected globally, trade intensity is usually higher in specific regional clusters, which have become firmer over time. Increased connectivity among countries boosted their resilience to trade shocks, but vulnerabilities remain and evidence suggests slight tendencies of disintegration in recent years.
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    Corporate general interest
    Strategic work of FAO for Sustainable Food and Agriculture 2017
    FAO promotes the transition to sustainable and climate-resilient agricultural policies and governance mechanisms, working with countries on reviewing their policies and investment strategies and helping them align their policies and programmes in support of implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as well as the Paris Agreement on climate change.
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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
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    Current global market situation and medium term outlook 2024
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    World tea output increased in 2022, prompted by rising production in some of the major producing countries. Output of green tea and “other” tea offset declining black tea production caused by a crop shortfall in Sri Lanka (the third largest producer of black tea). Global tea consumption expanded by 2.0 percent in 2022 compared to 2021, underpinned by strong import demand. Over the last decade, world tea intake increased annually by 3.3 percent reflecting strong growth in producing countries that has more than offset declines in traditional importing markets. In 2022, tea shipments from Kenya, China and India increased, while deliveries from Sri Lanka (the second largest exporter of black tea) declined. After increasing by 14.5 percent in 2022, tea prices fell by 9.2 percent in 2023, as availabilities expanded while demand slowed, putting downward pressure on prices. In the medium-term, the black tea market is expected to expand but at a slower pace than the previous decade, while the green tea market is foreseen to grow at a faster rate, reflecting expansion in China’s domestic market. Diversification and value addition are key to boosting the performance of the sector, as consumer behaviour is evolving and growing towards specialty teas and high-quality tea products.
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    Report of the Working Group on Climate Change of the FAO Intergovernmental Group on Tea 2016
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    Tea is the most used beverage second to water in the world. Presently, the climate change triggered by global warming is posing a major threat to the resilience of agricultural systems including tea cultivation. Increasing temperatures, changes to rainfall amount and distribution, coupled with major shifts in other meteorological parameters in comparison with long term observations have further complicated the production process. This compilation of adaptation strategies for tea cultivation deve loped and practiced by major tea growing countries of the world, is the first step taken by the working group on climate change of the FAO-IGG on tea to minimize climate change impacts on tea plantations. It is a joint effort by the scientists of Tea Research Institute of India, Sri Lanka, Kenya and China supported by the FAO-IGG on tea in Rome. This documentation is mainly targeted at tea planting community, policy makers and other users such as researchers, national and international research institutes and multilateral organizations dealing with sustainable tea cultivation, development and livelihood security of dependents.