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Delivery of blended learning models for veterinary paraprofessionals

Lessons learned












FAO. 2025. Delivery of blended learning models for veterinary paraprofessionals – Lessons learned. Rome.




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    Through an innovative continuous professional development (CPD) training programme, “Growing your business through preventive livestock healthcare”, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has aimed to address private sector veterinary paraprofessionals’ skills gaps and support them to develop successful businesses providing preventive livestock health services to small-scale farmers and pastoralists. This document details the methodology of the needs assessment process and the key findings, including content on the legal frameworks, curricula, priority subjects, existing CPD, and design considerations.
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    Through an innovative continuous professional development training programme, “Growing your business through preventive livestock healthcare”, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has aimed to address private sector veterinary paraprofessionals’ skills gaps and support them to develop successful businesses providing preventive livestock health services to small-scale farmers and pastoralists. These training courses were piloted in Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda in 2023. This document will outline the mentoring scheme that was part of the programme and some of the main lessons learned from the experience in Uganda and Nigeria.
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    The Nigeria Veterinary Paraprofessiobal Competency Framework is specifically tailored to the role of Veterinary Paraprofessionals (VPPs) in Nigeria. It builds on the World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH) guidelines by recognizing increasing levels of competency from novice, through to intermediate and advanced competency levels. The framework aims to support capacity development of VPPs working as animal health service providers with livestock farmers (these may be smallholder farmers, pastoralists of more commercial livestock enterprises). The tool may be used by:-Veterinary Paraprofessionals in order to identify their current competency level for a set of competencies and define personalized continuous professional development learning goals;-Veterinary Paraprofessional training and continuous professional development providers in order to identify learning objectives for a training focussing on a particular competency or skill set; -Mentors and supervisors of Veterinary Paraprofessionals in order to assess Veterinary Paraprofessionals al competencies, identify areas for improvement and provide tailored support for capacity development of Veterinary Paraprofessionals.

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    Women make up two-thirds of the 600 million low-income livestock keepers globally. Despite their leading role in the day-to-day care of animals, they are severely underserved by veterinary extension and advisory services. Women frontline animal health professionals can be a crucial channel for reaching and addressing the needs of women livestock keepers, particularly in contexts where rigid gender norms restrict women’s interactions with male service providers. Yet, in sub-Saharan Africa, the veterinary workforce remains predominantly male, and women face significant gender-based challenges working in the field. These include pay gaps, conflicting family responsibilities, gender bias, sexual harassment, limited confidence, and insufficient technical training in animal restraint. As a result, many women professionals may shift to safer, more flexible, office-based positions (e.g. laboratory technicians stationed in clinics) or leave the profession entirely, furthering the gender gap in veterinary service access. Two FAO initiatives have developed and tested gender-responsive training packages for veterinary paraprofessionals to enhance productivity for both women and men livestock keepers while promoting capacity building and business sustainability for women and men frontline professionals. This paper provides an overview of how these training programmes were designed and implemented with a cross-cutting gender-responsive approach. It also shares key results, learnings, and recommendations that may benefit other stakeholders interested in integrating gender considerations into veterinary education programmes.
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    Veterinary paraprofessional training and business environment needs assessment
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    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Through an innovative continuous professional development (CPD) training programme, “Growing your business through preventive livestock healthcare”, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has aimed to address private sector veterinary paraprofessionals’ skills gaps and support them to develop successful businesses providing preventive livestock health services to small-scale farmers and pastoralists. This document details the methodology of the needs assessment process and the key findings, including content on the legal frameworks, curricula, priority subjects, existing CPD, and design considerations.
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    Mentorship model for veterinary paraprofessionals
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    Also available in:
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    Through an innovative continuous professional development training programme, “Growing your business through preventive livestock healthcare”, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has aimed to address private sector veterinary paraprofessionals’ skills gaps and support them to develop successful businesses providing preventive livestock health services to small-scale farmers and pastoralists. These training courses were piloted in Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda in 2023. This document will outline the mentoring scheme that was part of the programme and some of the main lessons learned from the experience in Uganda and Nigeria.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical study
    Empowering women veterinary paraprofessionals through gender-responsive training
    Lessons learned
    2025
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Women make up two-thirds of the 600 million low-income livestock keepers globally. Despite their leading role in the day-to-day care of animals, they are severely underserved by veterinary extension and advisory services. Women frontline animal health professionals can be a crucial channel for reaching and addressing the needs of women livestock keepers, particularly in contexts where rigid gender norms restrict women’s interactions with male service providers. Yet, in sub-Saharan Africa, the veterinary workforce remains predominantly male, and women face significant gender-based challenges working in the field. These include pay gaps, conflicting family responsibilities, gender bias, sexual harassment, limited confidence, and insufficient technical training in animal restraint. As a result, many women professionals may shift to safer, more flexible, office-based positions (e.g. laboratory technicians stationed in clinics) or leave the profession entirely, furthering the gender gap in veterinary service access. Two FAO initiatives have developed and tested gender-responsive training packages for veterinary paraprofessionals to enhance productivity for both women and men livestock keepers while promoting capacity building and business sustainability for women and men frontline professionals. This paper provides an overview of how these training programmes were designed and implemented with a cross-cutting gender-responsive approach. It also shares key results, learnings, and recommendations that may benefit other stakeholders interested in integrating gender considerations into veterinary education programmes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical report
    Veterinary paraprofessional training and business environment needs assessment
    Lessons learned
    2025
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Through an innovative continuous professional development (CPD) training programme, “Growing your business through preventive livestock healthcare”, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has aimed to address private sector veterinary paraprofessionals’ skills gaps and support them to develop successful businesses providing preventive livestock health services to small-scale farmers and pastoralists. This document details the methodology of the needs assessment process and the key findings, including content on the legal frameworks, curricula, priority subjects, existing CPD, and design considerations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
    Mentorship model for veterinary paraprofessionals
    Lessons learned
    2025
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Through an innovative continuous professional development training programme, “Growing your business through preventive livestock healthcare”, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has aimed to address private sector veterinary paraprofessionals’ skills gaps and support them to develop successful businesses providing preventive livestock health services to small-scale farmers and pastoralists. These training courses were piloted in Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda in 2023. This document will outline the mentoring scheme that was part of the programme and some of the main lessons learned from the experience in Uganda and Nigeria.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical study
    Empowering women veterinary paraprofessionals through gender-responsive training
    Lessons learned
    2025
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Women make up two-thirds of the 600 million low-income livestock keepers globally. Despite their leading role in the day-to-day care of animals, they are severely underserved by veterinary extension and advisory services. Women frontline animal health professionals can be a crucial channel for reaching and addressing the needs of women livestock keepers, particularly in contexts where rigid gender norms restrict women’s interactions with male service providers. Yet, in sub-Saharan Africa, the veterinary workforce remains predominantly male, and women face significant gender-based challenges working in the field. These include pay gaps, conflicting family responsibilities, gender bias, sexual harassment, limited confidence, and insufficient technical training in animal restraint. As a result, many women professionals may shift to safer, more flexible, office-based positions (e.g. laboratory technicians stationed in clinics) or leave the profession entirely, furthering the gender gap in veterinary service access. Two FAO initiatives have developed and tested gender-responsive training packages for veterinary paraprofessionals to enhance productivity for both women and men livestock keepers while promoting capacity building and business sustainability for women and men frontline professionals. This paper provides an overview of how these training programmes were designed and implemented with a cross-cutting gender-responsive approach. It also shares key results, learnings, and recommendations that may benefit other stakeholders interested in integrating gender considerations into veterinary education programmes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical report
    Veterinary paraprofessional training and business environment needs assessment
    Lessons learned
    2025
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Through an innovative continuous professional development (CPD) training programme, “Growing your business through preventive livestock healthcare”, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has aimed to address private sector veterinary paraprofessionals’ skills gaps and support them to develop successful businesses providing preventive livestock health services to small-scale farmers and pastoralists. This document details the methodology of the needs assessment process and the key findings, including content on the legal frameworks, curricula, priority subjects, existing CPD, and design considerations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
    Mentorship model for veterinary paraprofessionals
    Lessons learned
    2025
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Through an innovative continuous professional development training programme, “Growing your business through preventive livestock healthcare”, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has aimed to address private sector veterinary paraprofessionals’ skills gaps and support them to develop successful businesses providing preventive livestock health services to small-scale farmers and pastoralists. These training courses were piloted in Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda in 2023. This document will outline the mentoring scheme that was part of the programme and some of the main lessons learned from the experience in Uganda and Nigeria.