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Wild edible fungi a global overview of their use and importance to people









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    Impact of Cultivation and Gathering of Medicinal Plants on Biodiversity: Global Trends and Issues
    Biodiversity and the Ecosystem Approach in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Satellite event on the occasion of the Ninth Regular Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
    2002
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    Since time immemorial, people have gathered plant and animal resources for their needs. Examples include edible nuts, mushrooms, fruits, herbs, spices, gums, game, fodder, fibres used for construction of shelter and housing, clothing or utensils, and plant or animal products for medicinal, cosmetic or cultural uses. Even today, hundreds of millions of people, mostly in developing countries, derive a significant part of their subsistence needs and income from gathered plant and animal products (I qbal 1993; Walter 2001). Gathering of high value products such as mushrooms (morels, matsutake, truffles), medicinal plants (ginseng, black cohosh, goldenseal) also continues in developed countries for cultural and economic reasons (Joneset al.2002). Among these uses, medicinal plants play a central role, not only as traditional medicines used in many cultures, but also als trade commodities which meet the demand of often distant markets. For the purpose of this paper the term "medicinal an d aromatic plant" (MAP) is defined to cover the whole range of plants used not only medicinallysensu strictubut also in the neighbouring and often overlapping fields of condiments, food and cosmetics. Demand for a wide variety of wild species is increasing with growth in human needs, numbers and commercial trade. With the increased realization that some wild species are being over-exploited, a number of agencies are recommending that wild species be brought into cultivation systems (BAH 200 2; Lambertet al.1997; WHO, IUCN and WWF 1993). Cultivation can also have conservation impacts, however, and these need to be better understood. Medicinal plant production through cultivation, for example, can reduce the extent to which wild populations are harvested, but it also may lead to environmental degradation and loss of genetic diversity as well as loss of incentives to conserve wild populations (Anon. 2002b).
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    Mushroom cultivation for people with disabilities: a training manual 2001
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    This manual is based on the experience gained from a project developed by FAO and the Public Welfare Department of the Government of Thailand to restore self-confidence and self-respect to people with disabilities by making them successful entrepreneurs. It describes every step of the training and tasks involved in motivating people with physical and mental disabilities to overcome their handicap and start a profitable mushroom cultivation and marketing enterprise. The manual is meant for use by government and non-governmental organizations working with people with disabilities. The training was developed, tested and revised by a leading Thai mushroom cultivation entrepreneur and an expert from Thailand's Ministry of Agriculture.
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    International Conference on Domestication and Commercialization of Non-Timber Forest Products in Agroforestry Systems 1996
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    The International Conference on Domestication and Commercialization of Non-Timber Forest Products in Agroforestry Systems, hosted by ICRAF, was held in Nairobi, Kenya, from 19 to 23 February 1996. This was the first world-level meeting to be held exclusively to draw attention to issues dealing with domestication and commercialization of non-timber forest products in agroforestry systems.

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