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An FAO e-mail conference on approaches and methodologies in ex post impact assessment of agricultural research: The moderator’s summary







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    Background document to the FAO e-mail conference on "Approaches and methodologies in ex post impact assessment of agricultural research: Experiences, lessons learned and perspectives" 2014
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    This article represents the background document to the FAO moderated e-mail conference entitled “Approaches and methodologies in ex post impact assessment of agricultural research: Experiences, lessons learned and perspectives” which begins 5 May 2014. The document’s aim is to provide an easily understandable introduction and brief overview to the approaches and methodologies used in ex post impact assessment (epIA) of agricultural research. The document begins with an introduction to the genera l area of evaluation and then narrows down to epIA, one component of the whole evaluation package. It proceeds to describing the main approaches and methodologies used for carrying out epIA of agricultural research. These are classified into two broad groups: macro-level assessments looking, for example, at the impacts of agricultural research at the regional or national level and micro-level assessments, looking at the impacts of specific research-derived interventions. The document also briefl y considers the issue of how the epIA results are communicated to donors and policy-makers and how they subsequently use them. It concludes with a series of questions which participants are asked to address during the conference. After the conference, a summary document will be published, synthesizing the main issues discussed during the conference.
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    An FAO e-mail conference on agricultural innovation systems and family farming: the Moderator's summary 2012
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    From 4 June to 1 July 2012, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) hosted a moderated e-mail conference on 'Ensuring the full participation of family farmers in agricultural innovation systems: Key issues and case studies'. About 560 people subscribed to the conference, from nearly 50 countries.
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    An FAO e-mail conference on GMOs in the pipeline in developing countries: The moderator's summary 2012
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    moderated e-mail conference on "GMOs in the pipeline: Looking to the next five years in the crop, forestry, livestock, aquaculture and agro-industry sectors in developing countries". A total of 770 people subscribed to the conference and, of these, 59 (i.e. 8%) submitted at least one message. Of the 109 messages that were posted, 36% came from people living in Asia; 26% from Europe; 24% from North America; 10% from Latin America and the Caribbean; and 5% from Africa. The messages came from peo ple living in 24 different countries. The greatest number were from people living in India (31 messages), followed by the United States (25); United Kingdom (eight); Belgium, Brazil, the Netherlands, Peru, Spain and Switzerland (four messages each); and Iran and Nigeria (three messages each). A total of 55 messages (i.e. 50%) were posted by people living in developing countries. Regarding their workplace, 30% of messages came from people working in universities; 18% from participants in non-gove rnmental organizations; 17% from people in research centres; 12% from people in the private sector; 11% from people working as independent consultants; and 8% and 2% from people in Governments and FAO respectively. This document summarizes the main issues that were discussed by participants during the four weeks of the conference. It was the 18th e-mail conference hosted by the FAO Biotechnology Forum since its launch in the year 2000. FAO traditionally uses a broad definition of biotechnology , so that the term encompasses a large number of technologies that are used for different purposes in crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, and agro-industry. One of these biotechnologies is genetic modification and, unlike the other biotechnologies, there has been considerable controversy and debate about its current and potential benefits and implications.

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    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.