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Manual on the diagnosis of rinderpest












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    Book (series)
    Manual on the preparation of rinderpest contingency plans 1999
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    This manual provides information on the nature of rinderpest and on the principles and strategic options relating to control and elimination of rinderpest in the event of its being reintroduced into a country that is free of disease and infection. It provides guidelines for individual countries to formulate their national policy on rinderpest control and eradication. The manual identifies the personnel, equipment and facilities needed in a national rinderpest contingency plan. A suggested outline of the format and contents of a national rinderpest contingency plan is also provided as a guide; this should be modified to suit the needs and circumstances of individual countries. Consideration has been given to the provisions in the OIE International animal health code in the preparation of the manual. It is suggested that this manual, which is based on the format of the Australian veterinary emergency plan (AUSVETPLAN) with some modifications, should be used together with the Manual on the preparation of national animal disease emergency preparedness plans, FAO, Rome, 1999.
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    Book (series)
    Recognizing Peste des Petits Ruminants
    A field manual
    1999
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    This booklet is one of a series prepared by FAO’s Emergency System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES) Livestock Unit, as an aid to emergency preparedness for the major transboundary diseases of livestock. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), which is also known as goat plague, is a disease of increasing importance in Africa and Asia wherever small ruminants form an important component of agricultural food production. It can affect a broad range of species, including some antelopes, as has already been seen in zoological garden collections but, fortunately, not in the wild. The disease was once thought to be a comparatively restricted problem in West Africa, but it is now known to extend throughout most of West, Central and East Africa, reaching eastwards through western and South Asia.
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    Manual on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy 1998
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    Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first recognized and defined as a pathological entity in the United Kingdom in November 1986 (Wells et al., 1996). Initial epidemiological investigations and examination of archived brains indicated that the first cases occurred around April 1985. Subsequently, the largest freeborn epidemic of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) occurred which has had severe economic effects and has caused concern for public health. The initial clinical signs of this fatal neurological disease are non-specific, typically involving behavioural changes. As the clinical phase progresses the disease is typified by alterations in mental state and of sensation and ataxia. The majority of affected animals reach the advanced stages within two to three months from the onset, when slaughter on welfare grounds becomes necessary (Wilesmith et al., 1988). The disease affects adult animals, with a peak age at onset of four to five years of age. Both se xes and all breeds are equally susceptible. BSE can only be confirmed post-mortem by pathological examination of brain tissue. Histological examination of the hind brain has been the primary method for the statutory diagnosis in the United Kingdom (Wells et al., 1989). The histological changes are typical of the TSEs. Microscopic lesions in the central nervous system consist of bilaterally symmetrical, non inflammatory vacuolation of neuronal perikarya and grey matter neuropil. BSE is transmissible by parenteral inoculation of inbred strains of mice (Fraser et al., 1988) and cattle (Dawson, Wells and Parker, 1990). In cattle the incubation period is approximately 18 months using brain homogenates from natural terminal cases.

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