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International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

Year of publication 2006

Place of publication Rome, Italy ;

Product type Book (stand-alone)

Category Technical book

Edition 1

Language English

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    Book (series)
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    2020年世界渔业和水产养殖状况
    可持续发展在行动
    2020
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    2020年版《世界渔业和水产养殖状况》对可持续性给予了特别关注，这反映出多项具体考虑。首先，2020年是《负责任渔业行为守则》（《守则》）通过的第二十五周年。第二，多项可持续发展目标指标要在2020年完成。第三，粮农组织于2019年末主办了国际渔业可持续性研讨会。第四，粮农组织关于水产养殖可持续增长和价值链社会可持续性的几项准则也将在2020年完成。本书第1部分保留了以往版本的格式，其余部分的结构已做了调整。第2部分首先用一小节篇幅专门纪念《守则》通过二十五周年。这部分还集中关注新出现的问题，尤其是与粮农组织作为“托监管机构”的可持续发展目标14及其相关指标有关的问题。此外，第2部分还涵盖了渔业和水产养殖可持续性的多个方面，所讨论的话题范围广泛，从数据和信息系统到海洋污染、产品合法性、使用者权利和气候变化适应。第3部分是本书的最后部分，涵盖了预测和新出现的问题，如新技术和水产养殖生物安全，最后简要介绍了实现捕捞渔业新愿景所需要采取的步骤。《世界渔业和水产养殖状况》旨在向广大受众，包括决策者、管理者、科研人员、利益相关方和所有对渔业和水产养殖部门感兴趣的人，提供客观、可靠和最新的信息。
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    Book (stand-alone)
    General interest book
    Food policies and their implications on overweight and obesity trends in selected countries in the Near East and North Africa region
    Regional Program Working Paper No. 30
    2020
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    Regional and global trends in body weight show that the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region countries, especially the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries, have the highest average body mass index and highest rates of overweight and obesity in the world. There exist several explanations that expound the high rates of overweight and obesity in most NENA countries, including the nutrition transition, urbanization, changes in lifestyle, and consequent reduction of physical activities. This study examines the implication of food policies, mainly trade and government food subsidies, on evolving nutritional transitions and associated body weight outcomes. We examine the evolution of trade (food) policies, food systems, and body weight outcomes across selected countries in the NENA region – Egypt, Jordan, and Iraq. In particular, we investigate the implications of important trade (food) policies in shaping diets and food systems as well as their implications on public health outcomes, mainly the rising levels of overweight and obesity in the NENA region. We provide a simple conceptual framework through which trade policies (tariff rates) and domestic government food policies (subsidies) may affect food systems and nutritional outcomes. An important and innovative feature of this study is that it compiles several macro- and micro-level datasets that allow both macro and micro-level analyses of the evolution of trade (food) policies and associated obesity trends. This approach helps to at least partly overcome the data scarcity that complicates rigorous policy research in the NENA region. Overweight and obesity rates have almost doubled between 1975 and 2016, with varying rates and trends across regions. For instance, whereas body weight in the NENA region was comparable with that found in high-income countries in the early years, after the 1990s regional overweight and obesity rates became much higher than those in high-income countries. Specifically, while most high-income countries are experiencing a relative slowing of increases in overweight rates, the trend for the NENA region continues to increase at higher rates. The evolution of overweight rates for the GCC countries are even more concerning. These trends are likely to contribute to the already high burden of non-communicable diseases in the NENA region. Contrary to the conventional view that overweight and obesity rates are urban problems, our findings show that rural body weight has been rising over the past few decades, sometimes at higher rates than in urban areas.
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