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Inbreeding and brood stock management.












Tave, D.Inbreeding and brood stock management.Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 392. Rome, FAO. 1999. 122p.


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    The International Conference on Domestication and Commercialization of Non-Timber Forest Products in Agroforestry Systems, hosted by ICRAF, was held in Nairobi, Kenya, from 19 to 23 February 1996. This was the first world-level meeting to be held exclusively to draw attention to issues dealing with domestication and commercialization of non-timber forest products in agroforestry systems.
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    The Islamic Republic of Iran has an established coldwater fish culture industry in both the private and public sectors, centred in the northern mountains close to the Caspian Sea and in other high areas of the country. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairderi) are grown to a market size of 250 g and above in conventional farms, predominantly using concrete raceways. Official 1987 production was 1 750 t from 20 licensed farms, but it is thought that unlicensed farms contribute about a further 1 000 t to the true total. The “Caspian salmon”, actually an anadromous trout (Salmo trutta), is grown in hatcheries to a size of 1–20 g before being released into the rivers and streams draining into the Caspian Sea. Demand for trout in Iran greatly exceeds domestic production. Consequently the Government is currently supporting a major programme to increase salmonid output, both by building state-owned hatcheries and on-growing units and by providing licences, land and juvenile fish to private farmers. Ex tension advice is also available through the Shilat (State fishery company). However, this rapid expansion of coldwater fish culture has resulted in a national shortage of trained people capable of managing trout farms or of providing an efficient extension service. In addition, there is a need for technical staff already actively working in the industry to update their knowledge. As no universities or colleges in Iran are presently equipped to offer specialized training in this field, the Gov ernment of the Islamic Republic of Iran requested FAO assistance in organizing and staffing a theoretical and practical training course in coldwater fish culture. Funding was agreed under FAO's Technical Cooperation Programme (project TCP/IRA/6755).
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    Animal genetic resources - conservation and management 1981
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    The term "animal genetic resources" In used to include all broods, types, varieties and populations of animals that inhabit the earth under both improved and unimproved conditions. TLe conservation and management of these resources is a subject of great concern 'to both FAO and UNEP. Dr. Ralph W. Fbillips, Doputy Director-General of FAO has given an excellent summary of FAO activities In this area In the inaugural address which is Included in these proceedings. In the developed temperate zones of the world, the centuries of slow but effective selection by breeders, followed by the application of scientific brooding programmes during the present century have resulted in high levels of performance being achieved in a small number of breeds of each species. Thin eventually led to the replacement of many local low-producing broods in Europe and elsewhere by the high-producing "improver" breeds. The growing demand for animal products in warmer countries has led to this policy being follow ed world wide. Because of the case of replacing a population by artificial insemination (AI) there is a danger of genetic attrition m the scale that has already occured in Europe. Furthermore, this policy of massive grading-up in being applied in climates in which it may not be the most desirable. The genes can easily be imported (e.g. as semen), but the environment to which they are adapted in less easy to reproduce. In many cases a systematic crossbreeding programme In more appropriate than gr ading up to a temperate breed. Such a programme requires the retention of the local adapted breeds.

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