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Assessment of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in West Africa

Methodology and main findings










Lourenço, A., Bey, A., Tchana, E., Ajagun, E., Komla, E., Ndao, B., Kannah, I.N., D'Annunzio, R. 2025. Assessment of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in West Africa – Methodology and main findings. Dakar, FAO.




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    This working paper was prepared in light of the upcoming Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in December 2007 to inform about the status and ongoing efforts in the field of forest monitoring, assessment and reporting at national and international levels. Part I is a review of partnerships between FAO and countries for building capacity and supporting implementation of forest monitoring, assessment and reporting, to meet requirements at national and international levels. At national level, FA O works with countries to establish long-term and robust monitoring systems, based on systematic field sampling and data collection. At international level, FAO supports countries to report to the Global Forest Resources Assessments, which is the leading global reporting process on forests, their management and use. Part II presents basic requirements for national forest monitoring systems, seen from a broader policy context. It reviews the current status in countries with respect to two variabl es that are important for climate change reporting – forest area changes and forest carbon stock. It is concluded that in most developing countries the quality of current forest monitoring would not be satisfactory for an accounting system of carbon credits. However, it is also suggested that investment in national forest monitoring is attracting greater interest, as exemplified by the increasing number of countries requesting support from FAO. FAO continues to work in close collaboration with i ts member countries to improve forest monitoring, assessment and reporting, including helping them to meet requirements for forest carbon reporting.
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    Despite international efforts and progress towards reducing deforestation and degradation, population growth, demand for natural resources and human dependence on forest ecosystems contribute to forest loss, ultimately impacting global climate and sustainable development efforts. Many studies have proven that small-scale or subsistence agricultural activities are the most prevalent direct driver of forest loss, requiring specific solutions to achieve food security, maintain livelihoods and adapt to future climate changes. This study uses satellite imagery, analysed with open-source tools from the Open Foris package (most notably the System for Earth Observation Data Access, Processing and Analysis for Land Monitoring [SEPAL]) to identify deforestation, degradation and associated direct drivers in six Central African countries. Dense time series are used to process hundreds of satellite image observations over the 2015–2020 period to automatically observe forest disturbances, which were then validated and associated with specific direct drivers through visual interpretation of high-resolution imagery.
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