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Book (stand-alone)GuidelineDirectrices voluntarias para la conservación y la utilización sostenible de variedades de los agricultores/ variedades locales 2020El cultivo de diferentes variedades de los agricultores/variedades locales, que suelen estar bien adaptadas y ser adecuadas para los sistemas de producción locales, confiere una mayor resiliencia a la producción agrícola. Las variedades de los agricultores/variedades locales también constituyen posibles fuentes de rasgos para el mejoramiento de los cultivos, especialmente para desarrollar variedades tolerantes a factores de estrés bióticos y abióticos y para incorporar rasgos preferidos por los agricultores. Lamentablemente, en las últimas décadas muchos de estos recursos genéticos han sido sustituidos por cultivares modernos, lo que ha resultado en una reducción del número total de variedades distintas cultivadas y en la pérdida de heterogeneidad. Estas pérdidas reducen la resiliencia de los sistemas agrícolas, especialmente frente a las perturbaciones causadas por factores de estrés abióticos y bióticos. Las presentes Directrices, concebidas como material de referencia para la elaboración de un Plan nacional para la conservación y la utilización sostenible de variedades de los agricultores/variedades locales, contribuirán a frenar esta continua pérdida de diversidad. Las Directrices son, por consiguiente, un instrumento útil para profesionales del desarrollo, investigadores, estudiantes y responsables de la formulación de políticas que trabajan en la conservación y la utilización sostenible de estos valiosos recursos.
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Book (stand-alone)GuidelineOptions for encouraging, guiding and promoting the realization of Farmers’ Rights as set out in Article 9 of the International Treaty 2023Farmers feed the world, by producing the food on which we all depend. Since farmers are the developers and custodians of crop diversity in the field, their rights in this regard are critical to maintain their pivotal role in providing food security and nutrition – never more so than in the current era of climate change and other major challenges facing humanity. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources (International Treaty) is the first legally binding international agreement to formally recognize the contribution of local and Indigenous communities and farmers to the conservation and development of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Article 9 of the International Treaty provides for the recognition, realization and promotion of Farmers’ Rights as they relate to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Farmers’ Rights can be realized through a series of measures and practices that can be put in place to protect, promote and realize these rights. The promotion and realization of these rights enable farmers and farming communities to continue performing their role as developers and custodians of crop diversity, and to feed the world for the generations to come.This publication presents the “Options for encouraging, guiding, and promoting the realization of Farmers' Rights, as set out in Article 9 of the International Treaty". It contains 27 options developed by an expert group, drawing on the experiences of Contracting Parties and stakeholders. Contracting Parties and interested stakeholders are invited to consider the full range of options for implementing Farmers' Rights at the national level, in accordance with their needs and priorities and as appropriate.
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