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Book (series)Ecosystem approach to fisheries in South and Southeast Asia
Lessons from marine capture fisheries
2025Also available in:
No results found.The ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) has been widely promoted as a framework for fisheries management, integrating ecological, social and governance dimensions. This publication compiles ten case studies of diverse fisheries from South and Southeast Asia to showcase ongoing efforts to manage fisheries under EAF principles and synthesize lessons learned from its implementation in the region. The findings highlight several key factors driving the transition to EAF, including ecological crises such as stock depletion and habitat loss, socioeconomic challenges like declining fisher incomes, and governance reforms promoting co-management and stakeholder participation. Enabling conditions – such as strong community leadership, regional policy support, and financial incentives – have facilitated EAF adoption. However, persistent barriers – such as weak enforcement, limited scientific data, and socioeconomic pressures – continue to hinder long-term sustainability. EAF implementation faces compounding challenges, particularly in socioeconomically depressed, resource-dependent communities, where environmental and economic vulnerabilities create self-reinforcing cycles. While EAF adoption has grown globally, its partial success often stems from localized, species-specific efforts that fail to address broader ecological complexities and cross-scale environmental stressors. Sustainable financing remains a critical barrier to full implementation. For long-term success, EAF must be embedded within a comprehensive, multi-scale governance framework that aligns ecological sustainability with socioeconomic resilience. -
Book (stand-alone)Legal report on the ecosystem approach to fisheries in India
An analysis of the ecosystem approach to fisheries in selected national policy and legal instruments of India
2024Also available in:
No results found.Legislating for the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is complex, due to the holistic nature of the EAF involving multiple factors that underpin the social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of fisheries sustainability. These factors include ecosystems integration, risks, inter-sectoral collaboration, research, participatory processes, monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement. To assess how the EAF is being implemented through national policy and legal frameworks, FAO developed a diagnostic tool for implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries through national policy and legal frameworks.The present legal report on the EAF used the diagnostic tool to assess the alignment of selected policy and legal instruments of India with the EAF. This assessment analysed the extent to which 82 EAF legal requirements, which are considered the minimum standards in legislating for the EAF, are reflected in India's policies and legislation relevant to the fisheries sector of the country and other relevant sectors (such as environment, wildlife, ecosystems, and maritime affairs). Based on this preliminary diagnosis, gaps were identified in the assessed instruments, and recommendations were made for improving the implementation of the EAF.In India, the governance of fisheries, including its management and regulation, is decentralized. In addition to the Union Government, there are nine coastal states and four Union Territories (UTs). These states and UTs exercise jurisdiction over fishing and fisheries within the territorial sea measuring is up to 12 nm, whereas the Union Government exercises jurisdiction over fishing and fisheries in marine waters beyond the territorial sea, up to 200 nm of the EEZ. This report focused on the analysis of national policies and other legal instruments of the Union Government of India. Additionlly, the analysis of the primary fisheries legislation of the coastal states and UTs was performed, based on a simplified methodology, which identified and examined only the provisions common to all those legislations. Of the 82 EAF legal requirements, 58 EAF legal requirements were found in India’s national policy and legal frameworks assessed in this EAF Legal Report, indicating a medium level of alignment with the EAF. Based on this preliminary assessment, 24 EAF legal requirements remain to be incorporated in the policy and legal frameworks of India. This report provides recommendations for improving the implementation of the EAF through policy and legal instruments of India. -
Book (series)Legal report on the ecosystem approach to fisheries in Cameroon
An analysis of the ecosystem approach to fisheries in selected national policy and legal instruments of Cameroon
2024Also available in:
No results found.Legislating for the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is complex, due to the holistic nature of EAF involving multiple factors that underpin the social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of fisheries sustainability. These factors include ecosystems integration, risks, intersectoral collaboration, research, participatory processes, monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement, among others. To assess how the EAF is being implemented through national policy and legal frameworks, FAO developed A diagnostic tool for implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries through national policy and legal frameworks.The present legal report on the EAF used the diagnostic tool to assess the alignment of selected policy and legal instruments of Cameroon with the EAF. This assessment analysed the extent to which 82 EAF legal requirements, which are considered the minimum standards in legislating for the EAF, are reflected in Cameroon's policies and legislation relevant to the fisheries sector of the country and other relevant sectors (such as environment, wildlife, ecosystems, and maritime affairs). Based on this preliminary diagnosis, gaps were identified in the assessed instruments, and recommendations were made for improving the implementation of the EAF.This report was elaborated following a participatory approach with the involvement of the national competent authorities of Cameroon. Drafted in October 2021, the report was revised and further developed in September 2023, and submitted to the national authorities of Cameroon in October 2023.
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