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The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Agro-Ecological Zoning Atlas

Part 1: Agro-climatic indicators










FAO and IIASA. 2019. The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan – Agro-ecological zoning atlas. Part 1: Agro-climatic indicators. Rome.



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    Agriculture is crucial for the national economy of Afghanistan and in particularly so for the agriculturally dependent population which is constituting 60 percent of the total population. Adoption of new strategies for agriculture monitoring, rural land use planning and land management are urgently required to reduce hunger and poverty among rural population and to assure sustainable food and feed production for future generations. The availability of reliable information on natural resources and agriculture for its monitoring and analysis is indispensable to development and implementation of such strategies. However, productivity in the agricultural sector has been relatively low. Afghanistan has the potential to increase its output of cereals, fruits and vegetables. For this purpose, the project “Strengthening Afghanistan Institutions’ Capacity for the Assessment of Agriculture Production and Scenario Development” (GCP/AFG/087/EC), funded by the European Union, is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Among the project objectives are improving the understanding of the country’s national resources endowment and limitations as well as assessing agricultural production capacities under current climatic conditions and likely impacts of climate change. Within the context of this project the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) support and implement a National Agro-Ecological Zoning activity in Afghanistan (NAEZ) which assesses quality and availability of land resources and identifies crop cultivation potentials - suitable area, production and attainable yield - under prevailing soil and terrain conditions and for given current or future agroclimatic conditions. One of the outputs of the NAEZ activities is this Agro-Ecological Zones Atlas which is based on applications of the FAO/IIASA National Agro-Ecological Zoning system for current and future climates. The Atlas provides two distinct parts, namely:
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    Agro-ecological atlas of the Republic of North Macedonia 2020
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    Agriculture has an important role in North Macedonia and in 2017 it accounted for 7.9 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the country. However, agriculture’s share of the country’s GDP has been decreasing for the past decade, and the need to improve agricultural productivity has become an important challenge. For this purpose, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy (MAFWE) with the support of FAO initiated to adapt FAO’s agro-ecological zones (AEZ) methodology to local needs in the country. The effort was undertaken by forming a wide technical working group with representatives from academia, the Hydro-Meteorological Service, State Statistics Office, and the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning. The delineation of agro-ecological zones specific to crops presents a useful preliminary evaluation of the country’s agricultural potential and provides a tool for regional and environmentally sustainable development planning. Agro-ecological zoning refers to the division of an area of land into land resource mapping units, having a unique combination of landform, soil and climatic characteristics, and/or land cover having a specific range of potentials and constraints for agricultural land use. This atlas shows the results collected during this study and the related developed maps.
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    A team of scientists and researchers from the University of Agriculture Faisalabad and University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, in collaboration with FAO and Government of Punjab (Agriculture Department) worked together to delineate the Agro-Ecological Zoning (AEZ) in Punjab. AEZ refers to the division of Punjab region into land resource mapping units, having a unique combination of landform, soil and climatic characteristics, and/or land cover. Based on the most up to date collected information on natural resources, climate and agricultural markets, AEZ reveals an enormous potential for crop diversification and productivity. And it is the need of the hour in a country where population is rapidly growing and where climate changes (increases in temperature, changes in rainfall pattern, extreme weather events) evidence the vulnerability of the current agricultural systems. From a side AEZ will help to make smallholder farming a profitable business and overall enhance agriculture efficiency. On the other side, policymakers will be able to use data of AEZ and associated information on land characteristics (soil quality, topography, agricultural land use, yeld etc) to formulate optimal policies for sustainable agricultural production.

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