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Land Reform in Eastern Europe - Western CIS, Transcaucuses, Balkans, and EU Accession Countries







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    Document
    Land reform in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989 and its outcome in the form of farm structures and land fragmentation
    Land Tenure Working Paper 24
    2013
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    The countries in Central and Eastern Europe began a remarkable transition from a centrally-planned economy towards a market economy in 1989 when the Berlin Wall fell and the Iron Curtain lifted. Land reforms with the objective to privatize state-owned agricultural land, managed by large-scale collective and state farms, were high on the political agenda in most countries of the region at the beginning of the transition. More than 20 years later the stage of implementation of land reform varies. Some countries had already finalized land reform in the mid-1990s, others are in the process, and a few have still not taken any significant steps.
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    Book (series)
    Land Reform : land settlement and cooperatives 2003/3, Special Edition 2003
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    The papers contained in this issue have been selected from those presented at a series of workshops, held in 2002 in Hungary, Uganda, Mexico and Cambodia, that were organized by the World Bank jointly with the Department for International Development (DFID), the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and with FAO, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the African development Bank (AfDB), the European Union (EU), the International Land Coalition, Oxfam, and other bilateral and multilateral agencies. The purpose of these meetings was to provide input into the World Banks Policy Research Report: Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction, which was prepared under the authorship of Klaus Deininger of the World Banks Development Research Group. Building on the discussions at these workshops, this report (which can be accessed at http://econ.worldbank.org/prr/land_policy/ ) identifies general principles for policies to strengthen tenure security, improve the functioning of land markets and ensure socially desirable land use.
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    Book (series)
    European Union accession and land tenure data in Central and Eastern Europe 2006
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    EU membership has profound implications for all parts of a country’s economy, as well as for its relationships with the other countries in Europe and its internal political structures. Members of the EU must be democracies governed by the rule of law and which guarantee human rights. They must have functioning market economies able to withstand the competitive pressures that EU membership brings, and governmental structures capable of discharging the wide range of obligations imposed on EU Member States. Countries joining the EU are obliged to adopt a wide range of laws in order to harmonize their legal structures with those of the EU. This note is concerned with only one limited aspect of entry into the EU, namely, the impact on land tenure. The EU is a single market in which citizens and companies in any Member State are free to work, invest or set up businesses in any other Member State. No Member State, therefore, may place discriminatory restrictions eith er on where its citizens and companies are permitted to invest or on the investments made in it by citizens or companies from elsewhere in the EU. Such restrictions can also impede the free mobility of workers and businesses. Therefore, membership of the EU is not compatible with discriminatory constitutional or other restrictions on the assets that can be owned by foreigners from elsewhere in the EU.

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