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Ireland’s journey towards sustainable food systems

The processes and practices that made a difference












National processes shaping efforts to transform food systems – Lessons from Costa Rica, Ireland and Rwanda

Costa Rica’s journey towards sustainable food systems – The processes and practices that made a difference

Rwanda's journey towards sustainable food systems – The processes and practices that made a difference

Last updated 24/08/2021


Brouwer, H., Guijt, J., Kelly, S. and Garcia-Campos, P. 2021. Ireland’s journey towards sustainable food systems – The processes and practices that made a differenceRome, FAO. 




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    Governments and other food system actors from the private sector, civil society, research and education institutions are being called upon to work together to enhance the sustainability, resilience and inclusiveness of food systems. The analysis presented in this case study provides an insight into the process and direction of food system transformation, and the key capabilities required. It portrays the interplay of different internal and external dynamics combined with the capacity of food system actors to connect, forge alliances and commit to specific actions that has enabled Costa Rica to move towards a more sustainable food system. As a result, the sustainability debate has increasingly opened up, moving from a focus on environmental sustainability in food production towards a broader discussion encompassing nutrition and health.
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    The profile of Irish agriculture holds particular interest for developing countries intending to invest in the agri-food sector as a pathway for poverty reduction and employment generation for young people. Until the 1970s, the Irish farming sector held a number of similarities to that of many developing countries today: with over a quarter of the population employed on small farm holdings with little access to value addition opportunities and mass emigration from rural areas. During the 1990s, Ireland’s food sector began a rapid transformation process. Today, it is a world-leader in food-safety, traceability and environmental sustainability, penetrating high-value food markets in the EU, Asia and the US. While the transformation of the Irish sector holds a number of valuable lessons for developing countries, there are also a number of common challenges related to sustainability, gender and nutrition where knowledge exchange on respective initiatives can potentially lead to synergies. Against this background, the ‘Building Inclusive and Sustainable Food Value Chains’ workshop was hosted by the Department of Food, Agriculture and the Marine (DAFM), Ireland at their main offices in Dublin from 7 to 9 of February 2018. The high-level policy meeting, organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in collaboration with the African Union Commission (AUC) and DAFM, was designed to exchange lessons on building sustainable and nutritious agri-food sectors and identify how FAO and the AUC can contribute to knowledge exchange on the topic. Ten African countries represented the Africa region at the workshop with various thought leaders from the public and private sector participating. This report represents a summary of workshop findings by the FAO organizers.
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    Governments and other food system actors from the private sector, civil society, research and education institutions are being called upon to work together to enhance the sustainability, resilience and inclusiveness of food systems. This appraisal presents key lessons from food, agriculture and environment-related institutional mechanisms, programmes and policies in Rwanda, considered against the backdrop of the country’s agroecological conditions and relevant social, economic and political history. It also provides insights into trade-offs and tensions which involve a balancing act between strong leadership and meaningful participation, securing local food sovereignty and outward connectivity, intensifying and diversifying the (agricultural) economy, creating room for private sector entrepreneurship and providing central coordination – as well as a mindset focused on what is needed and possible.

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