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ArticleJournal articleTackling the trade in illegal timber: a comparative study of legal frameworks
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Illegal logging and trade in illegal timber is a major cause of deforestation, which contributes to the global impact of climate change, depletion of natural resources and decreasing biodiversity, thereby frustrating efforts towards sustainable forest management. It further negatively effects countries’ socio-economic growth, food security, and poverty alleviation efforts, in particular local communities who depend on forests for their livelihood. Over the past years, major international markets have developed regulatory frameworks to combat illegal logging and associated trade. This comprehensive study provides an analytical framework for comparing requirements for timber legality and enforcement approaches and impacts of the laws in a range of timber-importing countries. Special emphasis is given to markets that have developed legal mechanisms and effective legislative options to combat the illegal introduction, import and trade of timber and other forest products. An in-depth analysis of case studies is undertaken to identify trends, emerging options or good examples, which could be used as reference or inspiration for developing effective legal frameworks and requirements on the legality of timber. This comprehensive overview and comparison of legislative approaches across regions intends to be a valuable information resource for researchers, policymakers, and timber trading companies, providing guidance on their compliance requirements. Keywords: timber legality frameworks, illegal logging ID: 3485653 -
ArticleJournal articleComparative study on the efficacy of biobased wood preservative over conventional wood preservatives against fungi and termites
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The current focus of wood preservation research is on developing wood preservatives from natural and environmentally compatible compounds for industrial application. Liquefaction of wood is one of the promising approaches to utilize woody waste where the wood meal is converted into a chemically active liquid with the help of a liquefying agent like polyhydric alcohols, phenol, cresol, and plant-based solvent as CNSL and Cardanol. Conventional wood preservatives like CCA, ASCU, Creosote, Chlorpyriphos based temic and termisel as synthetic chemicals were in use for a long time, has also been used in prescribed proportion. The efficacy and economic suitability of liquefied wood as a wood preservative along with conventional wood preservative against termite and fungi have been studied. Wood samples were impregnated with both conventional and liquefied wood diluted with methanol and were subjected and evaluated as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in terms of its antifungal (IS4873, Part I:2008) and termiticidal activities (IS4833:1993) accelerated termite graveyard test and fungal resistance test. The level of impregnation of liquefied wood in wood was estimated by determining the weight percent gain. In the graveyard test, samples were periodically observed for 24 months. The results indicated that Samples treated with phenol-assisted liquefied wood, CNSL based wood polyols, Cardanol based polyols exhibited better results as compare to conventional synthetic wood preservatives both in visual observation and percentage weight loss as compare to initial condition and untreated control samples. The percentage weight loss of liquefied wood polyols (phenol, CNSL, and cardanol individually) treated wood sample was ranging from only 5-20% of its initial weight; wood treated with preservatives (CCA, ASCU, Creosote and chlorpyriphos) shows % weight loss varied from 40- 60% and did not exhibit better resistance against termite and fungi as compared to the untreated samples. The treated samples were also exposed to fungus for 16 weeks. The fungicidal traits of liquefied wood polyols (phenolated, CNSL, and cardanol individually) treated wood showed higher antifungal efficacy against both white rot and brown rot of wood, conventionally wood treated preservatives (CCA, ASCU, Creosote and chlorpyriphos) shows low efficacy against termite and fungus. Since wood residue is a byproduct of primary and secondary wood processing industry whereas CNSL and Cardanol are by-products of Cashewnut processing unit, so its utilization as wood preservatives will be a value-added product to the wood-based Industry... Keywords: Preservatives, Impregnation, Liquefied wood, antifungal ID: 3625875 -
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LetterLetter to Prof. G. Montemartini 1906
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No results found.Lubin discusses his financial limitations, his willingness to assist the IIA, and conditions for his potential move to Rome. -
ReportThe International Institute of Agriculture and the dissemination of statistical information concerning the staples of agriculture 1905
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No results found.Paper for the International Statistical Congress, August 3, 1905, London. 1. draft -
LetterLetter from the Acting Secretary, Department of State to D. Lubin, Hotel Raleigh, Washington 1907
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No results found.Asks for Lubin’s written views on IIA. With reference number RRFNo. 548/30; T/L).