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Protecting the right to adequate food and saving lives in the Gaza Strip

Briefing note on the Occupied Palestinian Territory









FAO. 2024. Protecting the right to adequate food and saving lives in the Gaza Strip – Briefing note on the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Rome.




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    This brief presents findings from a Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) simulation assessing daily food requirements and availability in the Gaza Strip under ongoing constraints on humanitarian food access. As of May 2025, the average caloric intake has dropped to 1 400 kcal per person per day, just 67 percent of the minimum required 2 100 kcal, indicating a severe and growing food gap. The simulation models three food basket scenarios based on the NutVal approach, reflecting typical aid contents such as wheat flour, pulses, rice, dairy products, and vegetable oil. The analysis accounts for demographic variations, nutritional benchmarks, and local production capacity. Findings align with IPC Phase 4, emergency conditions, with a risk of further deterioration into IPC Phase 5, catastrophe. The results provide an evidence base for humanitarian response planning and legal analysis concerning the right to adequate food and the protection of civilians. The brief highlights the urgent need to restore humanitarian food access and scale up assistance to prevent further deterioration in food security and nutritional status across the Gaza Strip.
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    The legal framework and effective land rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) are highly unstable. Recent escalations in hostilities, displacements, and property destruction have exacerbated this instability. Securing land rights is essential for establishing peace, stability, and resilience during reconstruction. This brief, drawing from a historical perspective, evaluates the land tenure situation in the OPT and recommends specific measures and actions to document, register, and secure housing, land, and property rights. These steps are crucial for restoring rights, securing livelihoods, and rebuilding the economy.
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    The area available for cultivation is the area that is not damaged and not subject to access restrictions. The damaged area is assessed based on the baseline cropland dataset for 2023, and the cropland damage assessment as of 30 March 2025 by FAO and UNOSAT. The area accessible is determined by excluding the so-called “no-go” areas in place (OCHA, April 2025), and the areas subject to evacuation orders as of 12 April 2025.

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