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Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Quarterly report – July–September 2022









FAO. 2022. Foot-and-mouth disease – Quarterly report – July–September 2022. Rome.



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    Booklet
    Foot-and-mouth disease: quarterly report
    April–June 2023
    2023
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    This quarterly report describes recent data for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks from April to June 2023. During this period, the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD) has reported test results for samples received from Bahrain, Ethiopia, Jordan, Nepal and Uganda. There have also been new sequence submissions from Oman (from ANSES on behalf of the Central Laboratory of Animal Health and from Sultan Qaboos University) and the Republic of Korea (APQA). The spread of the SAT2/XIV lineage that has emerged in the past six months to cause FMD outbreaks in countries in the Near East has been constantly monitored. This lineage originates in East Africa (Pool 4). Samples tested during this quarter from Bahrain and sequences provided from Oman (via ANSES, France) show that viruses from this lineage have been recently detected in a number of Gulf State countries supporting the idea that trade of live animals into the Persian Gulf from East Africa represents the most likely route by which the SAT2/XIV topotype has been introduced into the region. In Türkiye, SAT2/XIV outbreaks have been reported in Eastern and Central Anatolia, while in the Thrace region SAT2 vaccines (SAT2/Eri-98 from international suppliers and locally produced homologous vaccines from the ŞAP Institute) are being rapidly deployed to try to limit the potential impacts and spread of this lineage. Similarly, prophylactic vaccination using SAT2-specific vaccines is also being used in neighbouring countries (such as Armenia and Georgia). Elsewhere, new sequence data associated with FMD outbreaks has been received from the Republic of Korea, showing that these cases are due to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage. This lineage is now widely distributed in Pool 1 (East/Southeast Asia) and has previously spread to cause outbreaks in the Russian Federation (2021), Kazakhstan (2022) and Indonesia (2022). There have also been new reports of cases due to serotype O (O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2ANT-10) in Palestine and O-EA-3 in North Africa (Libya).
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    Booklet
    Foot-and-Mouth Disease Quarterly Report
    July–September 2023
    2024
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    This quarterly report describes recent data for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks. During this period, the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD) has reported test results for samples received from Bahrain, Nepal, Nigeria, Qatar, Republic of Korea and Thailand. There have also been new sequence submissions from Ethiopia (BVI, Botswana), Malawi (BVI, Botswana) and Palestine (Kimron Veterinary Institute [Israel]).
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    Booklet
    Foot-and-mouth disease
    Quarterly report, October–December 2023
    2024
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    During the last three months, the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD) has reported test results for samples received from Israel, Pakistan, Palestine, Thailand and Türkiye. There have also been new sequence submissions from Algeria (ANSES, France), Botswana (BVI, Botswana), Ethiopia (BVI, Botswana) and India. Data for samples from Türkiye demonstrate how the SAT2/XIV topotype has recently spread within Anatolia, where 30 further outbreaks due to this lineage have been detected in the country during this quarter. Elsewhere in the Near East, samples from the O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2ANT-10 sub-lineage have been detected in Israel and Palestine. Data presented at the GFRA meeting in November indicate that viruses from the A/EURO-SA lineage continue to be detected within Egypt. Vaccine matching is now underway using a selection of historical viruses from South America (Argentina, Plurinational State of Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela) which have been provided by PANAFTOSA (Brazil) to help understand whether foot-and-mouth disease vaccines will provide protection against this exotic lineage that was first detected during 2022 (as well as O/EURO/SA that was also detected in Egypt in 2022). This report also presents analyses of sequences for diverse serotype Asia 1 viruses circulating in India, representing different two named genotypes including the first detection of genotype IX in the country.

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