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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookIntegrated livestock-fish farming systems 2003
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Integrated farming in Asia is either considered an eco-friendly good that should be preserved for environmental reasons or a poor practice that will soon be superseded by industrial aquaculture. The reality, as this book describes, is a dynamic set of practices that have expanded rapidly under certain conditions but have proved inconsequential in others. An analysis concludes that most livestock-fish integration is sound business conducted by entrepreneurs accessing urban markets where the pric e of fish is relatively low. It can be used as part of a strategy to reduce environmental impacts of intensive livestock production and to produce low-cost food. Farmers have proved adept at both developing their systems to meet their own needs and diversifying the role of ponds, fish and livestock within their complex livelihoods. This overview identifies the factors that lead to success or failure and gives an insight into both concept and practice. -
Book (series)Technical reportA review of governance and tenure in inland capture fisheries and aquaculture systems of India 2022
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No results found.Being able to access fish and other aquatic resources in inland waters for nutrition and food security is essential for rural populations in many developing countries and inland fisheries contribute significantly to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security, and the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication, are tools allowing governments to strengthen governance and develop policies that secure equitable distribution of benefits and empower stakeholders. This document examines the tenure systems, rights and governance issues in the vast, diverse and complex inland fisheries of India. The objective is to highlight how inland fisheries have been changing and the associated challenges for governance and tenure. The legal and policy contexts, within which fishing in rivers, wetlands and estuaries takes place, are described as well as the diversity of fishing activities and practices in the different environments found in India, which include inland capture fisheries, culture-based fisheries and freshwater aquaculture systems. Multiple drivers of change that affect inland fisheries are discussed from within the fisheries sector and from wider social, economic and environmental contexts. The ways in which formal and informal institutional arrangements and customary access regimes interact with each other are highlighted. The potential outcomes of institutional change and emerging policies for ecological sustainability, economic equity and social justice are discussed, with a focus on capture fisheries within India’s inland fisheries. -
ProjectFactsheetSustainable and Resilient Livelihood Options for Rain-Fed Areas of India through Improved Integrated Crop Livestock Farming System - TCP/IND/3708 2022
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No results found.India’s natural resource base is subject to serious and continuous degradation and is recognised as a challenge for India’s growth Agricultural growth in India should be sustained by addressing problems affecting the production systems of rainfed agriculture (areas that depend on rainfall for agriculture water needs and have few or no irrigation sources), which currently accounts for over which cover more than a half of total cropped area, or 74 million hectares, in the country Approximately 40 percent of the population is supported by rainfed agriculture, which accounts for a large share of cropped areas for the production of rice, pulses, oilseeds and coarse cereals, among others Rainfed areas also host the majority of livestock ( goat and sheep), and span several agroecological regions, many of which also have high levels of poverty A lack of institutional development, support systems, availability of appropriate inputs, credit, market access, agricultural research and extension has led to the cumulative neglect of rainfed areas for years and caused widespread issues within farming communities Rainfed production systems have received little attention, which has contributed to the environmental degradation of many rainfed areas, and is further challenged by the risks of climate suffer There is a strong need to focus on diverse local production systems that contribute to food and nutrition, as well as livelihoods and income security, by moving away from single commodity intensification approaches and more towards location specific farming systems.
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DocumentOther documentNatural resources governance and the right to adequate food
Right to Food Thematic Study 4
2014Also available in:
No results found.This thematic study explores the links between the right to food and natural resources governance. It covers a range of issues of which access to resources and assets, land, water, and the recommendation to protect ecological sustainability for sustainable management of natural resources are primary. The study reviews a range of international instruments and international developments related to natural resources governance in the ten years since the adoption of the Voluntary Guidelines to suppo rt the progressive realization of the right to adequate food in the context of national food security (Right to Food Guidelines) in which human rights in general and the right to food in particular feature prominently. The study then reviews progress and challenges at the national and global levels, with a specific focus on gender, vulnerable groups, community and family management, and participatory processes. . Examples are given that show national level successes in terms of a variety of app roaches to handling key concerns with respect to land tenure rights, fishing rights of artisanal fishers, forest land allocation to smallholders. Challenges are mentioned and the wider involvement of the private sector is noted. The author points to global level issues such as climate change and large-scale land acquisitions that remain present in the context of development and public policy for promoting food security and the right to adequate food. -
Book (stand-alone)Working paperBioslurry = Brown gold?
A review of scientific literature on the co-product of biogas production
2013Also available in:
No results found.In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in anaerobic digestion of farm and household residues in many parts of the world. Smallholder biogas digesters and community biogas plants can be found all throughout Asia, but also progressively in Latin America and Africa. Anaerobic digestion produces two main outputs: biogas and bioslurry, the digestate or digester effluent. While biogas is used to produce energy, the large potential of bioslurry has often been overlooked. A l arge part of both the scientific and grey literature focuses on the production of energy alone, but does not venture into the multiple uses and intricacies of bioslurry use. Technical organizations such as NGOs, extension services and local universities and, last but not least, smallholders themselves, are often not fully aware of the multiple benefits of bioslurry use, nor do they know of the risks associated with handling and applying it on their farm.This review therefore attempts t o synthesize the findings of the growing peer-reviewed literature on bioslurry to provide a sound and scientific basis for bioslurry use. At the same time, it sets out to identify the various research gaps related to bioslurry. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyAn analysis of the effects of climate change on livestock
A case study in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
2023Also available in:
No results found.This technical report examines the connection between climate change and livestock, focusing on the impacts on livestock production systems. The study explores various methodologies from the literature and analyses their application in a practical test case in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The assessment estimates direct and indirect effects of climate change on the livestock sector by focusing on three main methodologies retrieved from the scientific literature and applied to the specific case of Lao People's Democratic Republic. The results reveal significant effects of climate change on cattle and buffaloes, the main ruminant species in the country. The findings showed significant losses in Lao People's Democratic Republic production due to heat stress affecting dry matter intake. For instance, under the representative concentration pathway 2.6 scenario, the analysis estimated a 19 percent loss in meat production and a 18 percent loss in milk production by 2085. The thermal-humidity index, used as a proxy for milk production estimation, yielded similar results. On a positive note, the study revealed that the carrying capacity and the number of potential livestock units are expected to increase from 2020 to 2080, counteracting some of the negative effects of climate change induced by heat stress. The proposed methodologies can be combined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current and future state of the livestock population and production. While the effects may vary in different regions and production systems, the report emphasizes the importance of implementing strategies to mitigate climate change impacts. Overall, this report provides crucial information for policymakers and agencies involved with the livestock sector to guide interventions and address the challenges posed by climate change.