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Guidelines for soil description












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    Vodič za opis tla 2025
    FAO priručnik za opis tla pruža okvire za opis karakteristika tla na terenu, pritom promičući bolje razumijevanje morfologije, svojstava i dinamike tla unutar različitih ekosustava, odnosno okoliša. Pouzdani terenski opisi tla su temelj za klasifikaciju tla, procjenu pogodnosti zemljišta, tumačenje postanka tala i razumijevanje okolišnih funkcija tla. Opisi tla također potkrepljuju laboratorijske analize i mogu pružati informacije korisne pri odabiru strategija i praksi održivog gospodarenja tlom. Priručnik je podijeljen u ključne dijelove i započinje sa općim informacijama o terenu, kao što su lokacija i (nadmorska) visina. Nakon toga slijede čimbenici formiranja tla poput klime i vegetacije, a potom i metode i upute za opisivanje svojstava tala na terenu te principi označavanja horizonata tla u skladu s klasifikacijom tla prema WRB (2006.) sustavu.Nadopunjen praktičnim bilješkama i pristupima testiranim na terenu, priručnik nudi sveobuhvatne alate za precizan opis tla i klasifikaciju te je namijenjen iskusnim stručnjacima, kao i početnicima u tom području.
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    How to set up a new soil laboratory 2022
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    Setting up a new soil laboratory is not an easy task as it is rather an overwhelming challenge. When deciding to set up a new soil laboratory, laboratory managers need to consider not only the laboratory management but also the technical management plan. This document reports some preliminary steps that laboratory managers should take into consideration when setting up a new soil laboratory.

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    World reference base for soil resources 2014
    International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps - Update 2015
    2015
    This publication is a revised and updated version of World Soil Resources Reports No. 84 and 103 and presents the international soil classification system. Every soil in the world can be allocated to one of the 32 Reference Soil Groups as defined in this document, and can further be characterized by a set of qualifiers. The resulting soil name provides information on soil genesis, soil ecological function and soil properties relevant for land use and management. The same system, refined slightly , may be used to name the units of soil map legends, thereby providing comprehensive spatial information. By accommodating national soil classification systems, the World Reference Base facilitates the worldwide correlation of soil information.
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    Flagship
    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
    Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
    2021
    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.
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    The future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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    What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.