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Book (series)Cropping system diversification in Eastern and Southern Africa: Identifying policy options to enhance productivity and build resilience 2018
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No results found.Crop diversification is an important policy objective to promote climate change adaptation, yet the drivers and impacts of crop diversification vary considerably depending on the specific combinations of crops a farmer grows. This paper examines adoption determinants of seven different cropping systems in Malawi, Zambia and Mozambique, and the impact of their adoption on maize productivity and income volatility – using a multinomial endogenous treatment effect model. These cropping systems consist in different combinations of four categories of crops: dominate staple (maize), alternative staples, legumes, and cash-crops. The study finds that relative to maize mono-cropping systems, the vast majority of systems have either neutral or positive effects on maize productivity, and either reduce or have neutral effects on crop income volatility. In particular, cropping systems that include legumes produce better outcome in most cases than those that feature cash crops. From a policy perspective, three recurrent determinants of diversification are found. First, private sector output market access is an important driver of diversification out of maize mono-cropping. Policies crowding in private output market actors can help to promote a wide range of more diverse cropping systems. Second, proximity to public marketing board buying depots discourages the adoption of more diverse cropping systems. Therefore, reforms to these institutions must be part of any diversification strategy. Finally, in all countries and for all systems, land size is a key determinant of adopting more diverse systems. Thus, land policy is an integral element of any boarder diversification strategy. -
Book (series)Achieving food security and industrial development in Malawi: Are export restrictions the solution? 2016
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No results found.This document evaluates whether export restrictions support food security and industrial development in Malawi, by examining the pertinent issue of export bans on maize, an existing and longstanding policy in Malawi, and oilseed export levies, a policy under consideration. We use a general equilibrium model calibrated to recent Malawi data to show that while these policies may under certain conditions achieve their respective objectives of increased domestic maize availability (‘food security’) and value-addition in the food processing sector in the short run, they are ineffective and self-defeating in the long run. This buttresses arguments for a more liberal stance towards trade policy in Malawi, which for years has been a leading cause of market uncertainty and consequently agricultural stagnation and the persistence of a subsistence-oriented approach to farming, despite significant government support to the agricultural sector in the form of input subsidies and agro-processing supp ort. -
Book (stand-alone)The household- and individual-level economic impacts of cash transfer programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa 2017
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No results found.This report synthesizes the analysis and findings of a set of seven country impact evaluation studies that explore the impact of cash transfer programmes on household economic decision-making, productive activities and labour allocation in sub-Saharan Africa. The seven countries are Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Results from seven recently completed rigorous impact evaluations of government-run unconditional social cash transfer programmes in sub-Saharan Africa s how that these programmes have significant positive impacts on the livelihoods of beneficiary households. In Zambia, the Child Grant programme had large and positive impacts across an array of income generating activities. The impact of the programmes in Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi and Zimbabwe were more selective in nature, while the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty programme in Ghana had fewer direct impacts on productive activities, and more on various dimensions of risk management .
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