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Food and commodity balances 2010–2020

Global, regional and country trends












FAO. 2022. Food and commodity balances 2010–2020 – Global, regional and country trends. FAOSTAT Analytical Brief, No. 55. Rome.


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    The FAOSTAT Trade data domain disseminates statistics on the international trade of food and agricultural products for the period of 1961–2021. The food and agricultural trade datasets are collected, processed and disseminated by FAO according to the standard international merchandise trade statistics methodology. According to the latest data, the monetary value of global agricultural exports in 2021 was 2.7 times higher in nominal terms than in 2005, while the share of agriculture in total merchandise trade value increased from 6.6 percent in 2005 to 7.9 percent in 2021.
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    Foreign direct investment flows to agriculture 2012–2021 2022
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    Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as an investment which aims to acquire a lasting management influence (10 percent or more of voting power) in an enterprise operating in a foreign economy. This brief provides data on foreign direct investment flows to agriculture for the period 2012–2021.
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    Government expenditures in agriculture 2001–2021
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    Since 2012 FAO collects government expenditure on agriculture (GEA) data through a questionnaire sent annually to more than 190 countries. This brief analyzes global and regional trends for the period 2001-2021. According to the latest data, between 2001 and 2021, total government expenditures showed an increasing trend, from USD 11 trillion in 2001 to an all-time high of USD 35 trillion in 2021, driven mostly by the COVID-19 pandemic response and the unprecedented scale of fiscal stimulus packages implemented by countries.

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    This statistics working paper presents an estimation methodology for decomposing food expenditure across the industries and the primary factors of the food value chain (FVC). The approach outlined is based on the Global Food Dollar methodology developed by the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ERS) and Cornell University. FAO has enriched the analytical scope of the methodology by adding the industry and primary factors decomposition. Country coverage has also been increased by adapting the methodology to different data types and sources.
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    Trade is essential in agrifood systems, enabling the distribution of agricultural commodities worldwide. It enhances access to healthy and affordable food, playing a significant role in food security, nutrition and safety – a vital element for countries that cannot produce enough to meet their domestic demand. Trade impacts numerous economic and social factors, such as market dynamics, agricultural productivity and the diversity of its outputs, the assortment, and the quality and safety of food products, and ultimately, dietary composition.The FAOSTAT Trade data domain disseminates statistics on the international trade of food and agricultural products for the period of 1961–2023. The food and agricultural trade datasets are collected, processed and disseminated by FAO according to the standard international merchandise trade statistics methodology.This analytical brief looks at the overall trade of agricultural products, food excluding fish and the main commodity groups for the period 2010–2023.
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    Food balance sheets 2010–2021
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    The Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) compiles food balance sheet (FBS) statistics for 187 countries, which present a comprehensive picture of the agrifood situation of a country in a specified reference period, showing the pattern of a country's food supply and utilizations. The new release of the 2021 FBS data comprises recompiled time series from 2010 to 2021, using new conversion factors and population estimates.According to the latest data global food supply, measured by the per capita dietary energy supply, increased by 5 percent between 2010 and 2021, to 2 978 kcal/cap/day.