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Acute toxicities of ammonia and nitrite to Clarias batrachus and their interaction to chlorides

Programme for the Development of Pond Management Techniques and Disease Control








Duangsawasdi, M.; Sripoomun, C. 1981. Acute toxicities of ammonia and nitrite to Clarias batrachus and their interaction to chlorides. Bangkok (Thailand). 26 p.


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    A bibliography of Clarias (family Claridae) in Thailand
    Programme for the Development of Pond Management Techniques and Disease Control
    1981
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    Culture of the walking catfish (chiefly Clarias batrachus with some C. macrocephalus) started in Thailand during the late 1950's. Operations were initially concentrated in proximity to the city of Bangkok but they now occur throughout the country. The current production of farmed Clarias is about 11,000 metric tons/year. A written record of information has accumulated on Clarias and its culture in Thailand over the past 20 years. It largely comprises reports by government agencies and universi ties which account the results of field and laboratory research and of observations on the artisanal practices of Clarias farmers. Most of the reports are recorded in Thai and are in mimeograph or manuscript form but some have been published in local journals, some are written in English and some have an English summary or abstract. This bibliography presents a list of reports, regardless of status, on Clarias in Thailand that were available by June 1981. Although the search for titles was ext ensive some omissions still may occur. Routine “Annual Reports of the Thai Department of Fisheries” which largely present production statistics including some on Clarias from both capture and culture fisheries are not included in the list; they presently exist for the year 1952 to 1978.
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    A handbook of diseases of cultured Clarias (Pla Duk) in Thailand
    Programme for the Development of Pond Management Techniques and Disease Control
    1981
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    *
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    Feeds for catfish (Clarias batrachus Linn.) fry
    Programme for the Development of Pond Management Techniques and Disease Control
    1981
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    Bioled rice bran, Moina sp., boiled tilapia flesh, fresh chub mackerel viscera and fresh pig blood were tested as feeds for raising fry of pla duk dan (Clarias batrachus). The fry, averaging 0.233 to 0.316 g, were reared in pottery water jars containing 5 l of water that was exchanged every two days. The feeds were applied at the rate of 5% of the body weight of the fry/day. At the end of the 65 day trials the best growth gains, ranging from 0.51 to 0.82 grams/fish, were attained with the Moin a, tilapia and mackerel feeds. Average weight gains with the rice bran and pig blood feeds were 0.35 and 0.38 grams/fish, respectively. Survival was relatively high in all cases, ranging from 71 to 92%. The highest net production in each trial was with mackerel feed, being the equivalent of 10.6 kg/m3 in trial No.1 and 6.5 kg/m3 in trial No.2; the corresponding values for tilapia feed were 8.1 and 6.0 kg/m3 while net production on Moina feed in trial No.1 only was 9.9 kg/m3. Reasons to account for differences in growth and production results for the same treatment, between trials, were not evident.

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