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Book (series)Technical reportPrevention and control of microbiological hazards in fresh fruits and vegetables. Part 3: Sprout
Meeting report
2023Also available in:
No results found.In 2019, following a request from the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (CCFH), the Codex Alimentarius Committee (CAC) approved new work at its 42nd Session on the development of guidelines for the control of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in leafy vegetables and in sprouts. Sprouts have different food safety concerns from other fresh fruits and vegetables because the conditions under which sprouts are produced (time, temperature, humidity, pH and nutrients) are ideal for foodborne pathogen growth. Outbreak investigations have demonstrated that foodborne pathogens found on sprouts most likely originate from the seed, but the contamination could also be attributed to the production environment. This report covers prevention and control measures specific to the primary production and handling of seed for sprouting, the production of sprouts and hygienic practices applicable to retail and food services. Recommendations for proper record keeping and the establishment of product traceability programmes that facilitate the identification and investigation of contaminated seed and sprouts in the event of an illness outbreak or product recall are also included. -
DocumentOther documentJoint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA) on the Prevention and Control of Microbiological Hazards in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (Part 4: Commodity-specific interventions). Summary and Conclusions report 2022
Issued September 2022
2022Also available in:
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Book (series)Technical studyPrevention and control of microbiological hazards in fresh fruits and vegetables – Parts 1 & 2: General principles
Meeting report
2023Also available in:
No results found.Fruits and vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet and are protective against many chronic health conditions. Yet, fresh fruits and vegetables have been consistently implicated in food safety incidents involving microbiological hazards around the globe for decades. In response to requests of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene concerning microbiological hazards in fresh fruits and vegetables and to update and expand the information available in Microbiological hazards in fresh leafy vegetables and herbs (MRA14), which was published in 2008, FAO and WHO convened a series of expert meetings in 2021 to 2022. The purpose of the meetings was to collect, review and discuss relevant measures to control microbiological hazards from primary production to point of sale in fresh, ready-to-eat (RTE) and minimally processed fruits and vegetables, including leafy vegetables. The experts made an effort to update and include any recent trends in commodity and pathogen pairing or pathogen occurrence and presence with a focus on emerging and neglected pathogens. The primary production in open fields was investigated by considering the location, adjacent land use, topography, and climate; prior land use; water; wildlife, animal and human intrusion; soil amendments; and harvest and packing. The experts also worked on: primary production in protected facilities; minimal processing; transport, distribution, and point of sale; and also the gaps in mitigation and interventions measures. The advice herein is useful for both risk assessors and risk managers, at national and international levels and those in the food industry working to control the relevant hazards in the fresh fruits and vegetables. the development of improved mitigation and intervention measures.
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Book (series)High-profilePerspectives agricoles del’OCDE et de la FAO 2023-2032 2023Les Perspectives agricoles 2023-2032 sont le fruit de la collaboration entre l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) et l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO). Les deux organisations mettent en commun leurs connaissances spécialisées sur les produits, les politiques et les pays, ainsi que les informations fournies par leurs pays membres, afin de produire chaque année une analyse des perspectives des marchés nationaux, régionaux et mondiaux des produits agricoles de base pour la décennie à venir.La présente édition des Perspectives agricoles a été préparée conjointement par les Secrétariats de l’OCDE et de la FAO.
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Book (series)Technical studyPacific oyster farming
A practical manual
2024Also available in:
No results found.The purpose of this manual is to give the reader a foundation of practical knowledge regarding all aspects of Pacific oyster cultivation. It is targeted at new entrants to the market wishing to establish a farm, and existing operators who wish to develop their farms and explore new cultivation techniques. The methodologies described can be applied both to low-tech, low budget, small-scale farming operations and to high-tech, big budget, industrial-scale aquaculture production enterprises. This guide focuses on the functional expertise and technical equipment required to construct and manage an operational farm in the diverse environmental and physical locations in which they can be situated, from the initial stages of finding and selecting a suitable site, to the conclusion of the first production cycle and harvesting the crop. The manual contains a brief introduction which describes the relevance of the species with regards to global aquaculture production figures and how it can form an important part of future food production strategies. Chapter 2 describes the anatomy and biology of Crassostrea gigas and gives an indication as to the environmental conditions in which the species thrives as well as the pathologies and predators that can result in poor health leading to potential mortalities. Chapter 3 deals with all aspects of undertaking a survey of potential oyster farming sites and what data should be collected and examined to assess a site’s suitability, but also which areas are best suited to different cultivation techniques. After this, Chapter 4 introduces the main farming techniques that will be described in detail in the following chapters, which includes off-bottom cultivation, on-bottom cultivation, and suspended cultivation, and gives details of some of the most common cultivation equipment necessary to undertake these operations. The techniques and strategies necessary to procure seed oysters and how to develop them through the nursery stage are also introduced. This includes the basic principles of upwelling, which then leads into Chapter 5, which provides a detailed description of how to build and operate one particular example of a Floating Upwelling System (Flupsy) which is suitable for use in remote but sheltered conditions. Chapters 6, 7 and 8 constitute the main body of the manual and provide an in-depth look into the three major cultivation techniques that this guide concentrates on: “Farming with trestles and bags in the intertidal zone”, “On-bottom cultivation in the intertidal or subtidal zone” and “Offshore longline cultivation”. -
Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideManuel d'étude sur la composition des aliments, vol.1
questions & exercises
2011Le Guide d'étude de la composition des aliments est publié en deux volumes : Questions et exercices - Volume 1 et Réponses aux questions et exercices - Volume 2. Les deux volumes consistent en 17 modules regroupés sous 12 grands thèmes. Chaque module est séparé en différentes sections. Le premier énonce les objectifs d'apprentissage, la matière à étudier et une estimation du temps nécessaire pour compléter le module. Souvent, beaucoup de ressources ou de matériel de référence sont indiqués avec du matériel de lecture supplémentaire. La deuxième section contient les questions, la troisième les exercices. Dans le volume avec les réponses, une section supplémentaire fournit le retour d'information général.