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Book (stand-alone)Technical studyA quantitative analysis of trends in agricultural and food global value chains (GVCs)
Background paper for The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets (SOCO) 2020
2020Also available in:
No results found.Over the last decade, increasing international fragmentation of production has affected both trade and production: these activities have become increasingly organized around what is commonly referred to as global value chains (GVCs). Increased fragmentation has brought with it challenges of tracing and measuring international divisions of labor, value-added, and so forth. In fact, conventional measures of trade only measure the gross value of exchanges between partners. They are not able to reveal how foreign producers, upstream in the value chain, are connected to final consumers at the end of the value chain. The aim of this paper is to use a globally consistent set of country-level data on GVC participation positioning in the agri-food sectors to distill global and regional trends in GVC participation between 1995-2015. It also focuses on five selected countries: Brazil, Germany, Ghana, Nepal, and Viet Nam - to illustrate how country-specific characteristics affect GVC participation trends as well as identify major differences across countries. This is the first time such a detailed trend analysis has been carried out for the agricultural and food sectors, with near-universal regional coverage, and covering two decades. The authors suggest that the inter-temporal and cross-country trends identified in this paper can contribute to derive insights into development pathways for low-and middle-income countries, as well as identify how key characteristics of countries will affect the way it uses international trade to boost domestic agricultural productivity growth. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyUnderstanding women’s roles and trade potential along regional value chains: An in-depth analysis of the soybean-to-poultry value chain in the United Republic of Tanzania
Making the African Continental Free Trade Area work for women
2025Also available in:
No results found.This report offers an in-depth analysis of women’s roles and trade potential along the soybean-to-poultry value chain in the United Republic of Tanzania, within the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Developed under the FAO–ITC joint programme Empowering Women and Boosting Livelihoods through Agricultural Trade (EWAT), the study highlights both opportunities and challenges facing women engaged in this sector.Drawing on a combination of quantitative trade data and qualitative insights from Tanzanian stakeholders, the report examines production, trade flows, market trends, and the structural features shaping the soybean-to-poultry chain. It emphasizes women’s critical yet often underrecognized participation in farming, processing, and small-scale poultry enterprises, while identifying key barriers such as limited access to finance, technical skills, and fair market conditions.The study situates the United Republic of Tanzania’s position within regional and global value chains, revealing how strategic investments and stronger linkages to regional trade could unlock new opportunities for women entrepreneurs. It underscores that for women to meaningfully benefit from the AfCFTA, targeted policy measures and institutional support are essential.The report concludes with actionable recommendations aimed at strengthening women’s economic empowerment, including improved access to inputs and markets, gender-responsive infrastructure, supportive business environments, and enhanced participation in decision-making. By promoting inclusive and sustainable trade-led growth, the AfCFTA holds the potential to transform the United Republic of Tanzania’s soybean-to-poultry sector into a driver of prosperity for women and communities alike. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyAssessing the impact of trade and other policies on global value chain (GVC) participation, positioning and vertical specialization in agriculture and food
Background paper for The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets (SOCO) 2020
2020Also available in:
No results found.This technical paper includes: A literature review of the impact of trade policies and domestic support measures (for example, subsidies) on global value chain (GVC) participation including the effects of tariffs and non-tariff measures, Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) and Rules of Origin, as well as recent market developments and trade tensions on GVC linkages. The computation of indicators and decomposition for 18 agri-food sectors and 29 countries and aggregate regions, derived from the most recent (2014) release of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database. The description of the modeling and simulation exercises using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model to analyse the effects of tariffs on GVC participation/positioning on countries and regions, and conduct simulation scenarios to quantitatively assess the effects of trade and other policy changes on GVCs participation (scenarios will include a reduction on tariff levels and trade liberalization).
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DocumentOther documentReducing inequalities for food security and nutrition
A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition
2023The report “Reducing inequalities for food security and nutrition” has been developed by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE-FSN) following the request by the United Nations Committee on World Food Security (CFS) as included in its Programme of Work (MYPoW 2020-2023). In particular, the CFS requested the HLPE-FSN to develop a report to: (i) analyse evidence relating to how inequalities in access to assets (particularly land, other natural resources and finance) and in incomes within food systems impede opportunities for many actors to overcome food insecurity and malnutrition; (ii) analyse the drivers of inequalities and provide recommendations on entry points to address these; and (iii) identify areas requiring further research and data collection. This report will inform the ensuing CFS thematic workstream on inequalities, aiming at addressing the root causes of food insecurity with a focus on those “most affected by hunger and malnutrition”. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookClimate change and food security: risks and responses 2015
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End hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition are at the heart of the sustainable development goals. The World has committed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by 2030. But climate change is undermining the livelihoods and food security of the rural poor, who constitute almost 80 percent of the world’s poor. The effects of climate change on our ecosystems are already severe and widespread. Climate change brings a cascade of impacts from agroecosystems to livelihoods. Climate change impacts directly agroecosystems, which in turn has a potential impact on agricultural production, which drives economic and social impacts, which impact livelihoods. In other words, impacts translate from climate to the environment, to the productive sphere, to economic and social dimensions. Therefore, ensuring food security in the face of climate change is among the most daunting challenges facing humankind. Action is urgently needed now to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience of food systems to ensure food security and good nutrition for all. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022
Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable
2022This year’s report should dispel any lingering doubts that the world is moving backwards in its efforts to end hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms. We are now only eight years away from 2030, but the distance to reach many of the SDG 2 targets is growing wider each year. There are indeed efforts to make progress towards SDG 2, yet they are proving insufficient in the face of a more challenging and uncertain context. The intensification of the major drivers behind recent food insecurity and malnutrition trends (i.e. conflict, climate extremes and economic shocks) combined with the high cost of nutritious foods and growing inequalities will continue to challenge food security and nutrition. This will be the case until agrifood systems are transformed, become more resilient and are delivering lower cost nutritious foods and affordable healthy diets for all, sustainably and inclusively.