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Book (stand-alone)Technical studyA quantitative analysis of trends in agricultural and food global value chains (GVCs)
Background paper for The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets (SOCO) 2020
2020Also available in:
No results found.Over the last decade, increasing international fragmentation of production has affected both trade and production: these activities have become increasingly organized around what is commonly referred to as global value chains (GVCs). Increased fragmentation has brought with it challenges of tracing and measuring international divisions of labor, value-added, and so forth. In fact, conventional measures of trade only measure the gross value of exchanges between partners. They are not able to reveal how foreign producers, upstream in the value chain, are connected to final consumers at the end of the value chain. The aim of this paper is to use a globally consistent set of country-level data on GVC participation positioning in the agri-food sectors to distill global and regional trends in GVC participation between 1995-2015. It also focuses on five selected countries: Brazil, Germany, Ghana, Nepal, and Viet Nam - to illustrate how country-specific characteristics affect GVC participation trends as well as identify major differences across countries. This is the first time such a detailed trend analysis has been carried out for the agricultural and food sectors, with near-universal regional coverage, and covering two decades. The authors suggest that the inter-temporal and cross-country trends identified in this paper can contribute to derive insights into development pathways for low-and middle-income countries, as well as identify how key characteristics of countries will affect the way it uses international trade to boost domestic agricultural productivity growth. -
BookletCorporate general interestGross domestic product and agriculture value added 1970–2019
Global and regional trends
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT Macro Indicators database provides macroeconomic indicators at the country and regional levels relating to total economy; agriculture, forestry and fishing (AFF); manufacturing (MAN); agriculture sub-industry (agriculture) and manufacturing sub-industry (food, beverages and tobacco products). It releases time series for a selection of national accounts variables, including GDP, GFCF, VA, gross national income (GNI), agriculture sub-industry VA and gross output. The database also proposes additional indicators such as per capita GDP, year-on-year growth rates and measures of industries’ contribution to GDP. The database includes statistics of 218 countries and territories, including former countries. FAO compiles aggregate values at the regional and global levels. The time coverage is annual from 1970 to 2019. Data are available in both national currency and in USD, in current prices and in constant 2015 prices. The breakdown of economic activities follows the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC). This brief analyses global and regional trends for the period 1970-2019. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookGlobal macro-economic factors and key drivers impacting global food price volatility, domestic food prices, affordability, and accessibility of food
A paper produced for the G20 Taskforce on Food Security under the Presidency of South Africa
2025Also available in:
No results found.Global food prices became again a concern for policy makers in 2020. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was followed closely by the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, posing two successive shocks to the global economy and agricultural markets in the context of recurrent weather adverse conditions. These events contributed to the deterioration of global food security. The FAO Food Price Index reached its highest historical level in March 2022, and while international food prices have since declined, they have not returned to pre-pandemic levels. The international community, including the G20, used several policy instruments to respond to these shocks. These included monetary, financial and trade policies.The present paper was prepared by FAO at the request of the G20 Presidency of the Republic of South Africa to inform the deliberations of the G20 Taskforce on Food Security in 2025. It discusses the drivers behind recent food price movements and inflation, their pass-through to domestic markets and puts forward policy responses that can help mitigate these effects. The present paper draws from previous FAO work and contains some findings from the 2025 edition of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition (SOFI 2025). For an extended analysis on this topic, readers may wish to refer to SOFI 2025.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookTracking progress on food and agriculture-related SDG indicators 2025 2025The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the 2030 Agenda is now more crucial than ever, as the target date draws near and many goals are still far from being achieved. Countries across the globe are grappling with an array of complex and interconnected challenges, including ongoing conflicts, health crises, biodiversity loss, the escalating impacts of climate change, and political and economic tensions. FAO is the custodian agency for 22 SDG indicators spanning Goals 2, 5, 6, 12, 14 and 15. Among its key responsibilities as a custodian agency is to curate the indicator methodologies, collect, harmonize and compile data from countries, as well as disseminate and analyse data at global level. This report provides an analysis of regional and global figures and trends for the 22 SDG indicators under FAO's responsibility, thus fulfilling one of FAO’s key roles as custodian agency. The world is at a moderate distance from achieving roughly half of the food and agriculture-related SDG indicators under FAO custodianship; one-quarter of the indicators are close to being achieved, whereas another quarter remains far or very far from being achieved. Meanwhile, progress since 2015 has deteriorated on over three-fifths of the indicators; one indicator has stagnated; whereas only the remaining one-third of indicators have registered an improvement or slight improvement.
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ArticleJournal articleNurturing Soil Life through Agroforestry – The Roles of Trees in the Ecological Intensification of Agriculture 2023
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No results found.Soil resources constitute the very foundation of agriculture, so sustainable agriculture is inherently dependent on soil health. Soil health reflects the capacity of soil to respond beneficially to agricultural management, maintaining both agricultural production and the provision of varying ecosystem services, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity conservation in the long term. Soil health depends on the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the soil that are required for plant growth and development. Ecological intensification differs from current strategies for agricultural intensification by embracing agroecological transitions to more sustainable agriculture and food systems. This chapter discusses the pivotal role that trees play in building and maintaining the soil health and functional resilience that are required for the ecological intensification of agriculture. It summarizes the current knowledge about functions and impacts of trees on soil health, and highlights the tree/soil biodiversity interactions that drive these functions. -
DocumentTechnical reportKava: A Review of the Safety of Traditional and Recreational Beverage Consumption. Technical Report 2016
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No results found.Kava beverage has a long history of consumption in the South Pacific and has an important role in traditional community ceremonies. In recent times, it has become more widely consumed as a recreational beverage in both the South Pacific islander community as well as in the wider international community. Within these communities, kava is considered to be a safe and enjoyable beverage, based on a long tradition of use and little evidence of harm. This review has examined existing data relevant to the safety of kava beverage and identified any gaps in the available data, as well as steps that are needed to ensure the safe use of kava beverage. Consideration has been given to the method of preparation of kava beverage, the toxicity of its chemical components, the levels of consumption and the adverse health effects observed in consumers. Consideration has also been given to the relevance of the cases of hepatotoxicity that have been associated with consumption of kava medicinal products in non–Pacific island countries.