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Book (series)Policy briefرقم 5 – الدعم المحلي: القضايا المتصلة بالتجارة والقرائن التجريبية
منظمة الأغذية والزراعة مذآرات فنية عن السياسات التجارية
2005تحاول هذه المذكرة الفنية( ) مناقشة قضيتين تتصلان بالمفاوضات التي تستهدف فرض مزيد من الضوابط على تدابير الدعم المحلي: (1) ما هي ملامح تدابير الدعم المحلي التي تجعل لهذه التدابير تأثيراً محتملاً فيما يتعلق بتشويه التجارة؟ (2) وهل سيكون فرض منظمة التجارة العالمية لمزيد الضوابط فعالاً في تخفيض مستويات الدعم الذي يؤدي إلى تشويه التجارة؟ -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Technical bookمنظمة التجارة العالمية وتنفيذ اتفاقية الزراعة 2003
شرعت منظمة الأغذية والزراعة في سنة 1999 في إجراء عدد من الدراسات لتقييم تأثير اتفاقية الزراعة على تجارة المنتجات الزراعية والأمن الغذائي في البلدان النامية. وتحقيقاً لهذا الغرض، كلّفت عدداً من الخبراء الاستشاريين بإجراء أربع عشرة دراسة حالة قطرية، بالإضافة إلى عرض تحليلي يلخص التجارب والدروس المستفادة من تنفيذ اتفاقية الزراعة.( ) ويتضمن المجلد الحالي تحديث الدراسات السابقة، استناداً إلى عدد أكبر من البلدان وإلى بيانات أحدث. ففي بداية 2002، كلّفت المنظمة عدداً من الخبراء الاستشاريين بإجراء ست عشرة دراسة حالة يستعرضون فيها التجارب القطرية. وفي بعض الحالات، تضمنت العملية إعادة النظر في المعلومات والبيانات التي تتضمنها الدراسات التي أجريت في 1999، مع توسيع العينة لتشمل عدداً آخر من البلدان. وعلى الرغم من أن العرض التحليلي يتناول جميع الدراسات الثلاث والعشرين التي أجريت حتى الآن، يتضمن هذا المجلد ست عشرة دراسة فقط.( ) وتحاول هذه الدراسات الرد على الأسئلة الأربعة التالية عن تأثير اتفاقية الزراعة على البلدان النامية:
- هل أدت الالتزامات التي تنص عليها اتفاقية الزراعة إلى أ ي تغييرات في السياسات الداخلية في البلدان النامية؟
- هل كان لاتفاقية الزراعة تأثير على التدفقات التجارية (الواردات والصادرات) في البلدان النامية؟
- هل كان لتنفيذ الالتزامات التي تنص عليها اتفاقية الزراعة أي تأثير على الأمن الغذائي؟
- وما هي الأولويات والاهتمامات الرئيسية التي تحرص عليها البلدان التي أجريت دراسات بشأنها في مفاوضات منظمة التجارة العالمية؟
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No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Technical study
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food and Agriculture 2019
Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction
2019The need to reduce food loss and waste is firmly embedded in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Food loss and waste reduction is considered important for improving food security and nutrition, promoting environmental sustainability and lowering production costs. However, efforts to reduce food loss and waste will only be effective if informed by a solid understanding of the problem. This report provides new estimates of the percentage of the world’s food lost from production up to the retail level. The report also finds a vast diversity in existing estimates of losses, even for the same commodities and for the same stages in the supply chain. Clearly identifying and understanding critical loss points in specific supply chains – where considerable potential exists for reducing food losses – is crucial to deciding on appropriate measures. The report provides some guiding principles for interventions based on the objectives being pursued through food loss and waste reductions, be they in improved economic efficiency, food security and nutrition, or environmental sustainability. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020
Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets
2020Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions.The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition. -
Book (stand-alone)High-profileState of knowledge of soil biodiversity - Status, challenges and potentialities
Report 2020
2020Also available in:
No results found.There is increasing attention to the importance of biodiversity for food security and nutrition, especially above-ground biodiversity such as plants and animals. However, less attention is being paid to the biodiversity beneath our feet, soil biodiversity, which drives many processes that produce food or purify soil and water. This report is the result of an inclusive process involving more than 300 scientists from around the world under the auspices of the FAO’s Global Soil Partnership and its Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative, and the European Commission. It presents concisely the state of knowledge on soil biodiversity, the threats to it, and the solutions that soil biodiversity can provide to problems in different fields. It also represents a valuable contribution to raising awareness of the importance of soil biodiversity and highlighting its role in finding solutions to today's global threats.