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MeetingMeeting documentEcosystem services provided by livestock species and breeds, with special consideration to the contributions of small-scale livestock keepers and pastoralists
Background Study Paper 66
2014Also available in:
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BookletCorporate general interestThe contributions of livestock species and breeds to ecosystem services
Brochure
2016Also available in:
No results found.Human beings benefit in countless ways from ecosystems. Ecosystems provide food, clean water, shelter and raw materials for our basic needs. Their internal processes regulate our environment and sustain future production. While landscapes – the visible manifestations of ecosystems – inspire our cultures and provide a home for wildlife and people alike, building blocks such as genes and chemical compounds provide us with tools for innovation and science. Together, these benefits are known as ecos ystem services. Directly or indirectly, they underpin every aspect of our societies. The brochure has the headers: The roles of livestock species and breeds, Provisioning services, Regulating services, Supporting and habitat services, Livestock’s cultural services and Understanding, valuing and incentivizing ecosystem services. Each chapter has sections on: Challenges, Did you know, and Useful actions. The brochure contains boxes and country examples.
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DocumentWorking paperEstimating Food Consumption Patterns by Reconciling Food Balance Sheets and Household Budget Surveys
dec/14
2014Also available in:
No results found.Food Balance Sheets (FBS) are one of the most important sources of data on food availability for human consumption. This paper presents a method to improve the information on food consumption patterns of FBS by using national household budget surveys (HBS). In this paper, food commodities are categorized into 16 major food groups. For each food group, the contribution to the overall caloric intake is represented in shares. Item group shares of 64 surveys from 51 low and middle income countries are compared with shares from country-specific FBS. Given the countries represented in the data, the analysis evaluates food consumption of over 3 billion persons worldwide. A model based on a cross-entropy measure of information has been developed in order to reconcile aggregate food consumption patterns suggested by FBS and HBS. The latter model accounts for the fact that data from both data sources are prone to measurement errors. Overall, the results of the reconciliation suggest that aver age consumption of cereals, eggs, fish products, pulses and vegetables are likely to be underestimated in FBS, while fruits, meat, milk and sugar products are likely to be overestimated in FBS. Even though the suggested changes in average food consumption are moderate, the results imply considerable relative changes in the aggregate consumption of single food groups. Furthermore, the results imply that the aggregate consumption of fats is 2% higher than currently assumed. The updated consumption patterns provide valuable information from an agro-industrial perspective. Differences in updated consumption pattern with respect to the original FBS might suggest a re-evaluation of FBS elements of the value chain, starting from production and ending at food losses. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookPromoting decent employment in forestry for improved nutrition and food security
Background paper for the International Conference on Forests for Food and Nutrition, FAO, Rome, 13-15 May, 2013.
2013Decent employment in forestry is a key to improving food security and nutrition for millions of people who rely on forests for their livelihoods. A sustainable approach should look not only at creating more quality jobs in forestry, but also at upgrading existing ones. More and better jobs in forestry will ensure increased employment opportunities, higher incomes and productivity, and safer and more stable working conditions. This, in turn, will contribute to improving the availability of and securing stable access to adequate and nutritious food. -