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Guidelines for the Development of an Environmental Social Impact Assessment/Environmental and Social Management Plan for the Tilapia Aquaculture Industry











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    Project on Livestock Industrialization, Trade and Social-Health-Environment Impacts in Developing Countries
    Policy, Technical, and Environmental Determinants and Implications of the Scaling-Up of Livestock Production in Four Fast-Growing Developing Countries: A Synthesis
    2003
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    Social and economic performance of tilapia farming in Africa 2017
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    World tilapia aquaculture production grew 12 percent annually, from less than a half million tonnes in the early 1990s to over 5 million tonnes in the mid-2010s. Africa accounted for 20 percent of the growth. Yet most of the contribution came from Egypt, whereas in the mid-2010s countries in sub-Saharan Africa accounted for less than 20 percent of tilapia aquaculture production in Africa and less than 4 percent of the world production. In light of the potential fish demand driven by population a nd economic growth in Africa where tilapia is a native species favoured by most consumers, there is little doubt that there is great potential for the development of tilapia farming in Africa and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular. However, an appropriate development policy and sector management are needed to realize the potential. This collective volume includes five studies on tilapia farming in Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda, which together accounted for nearly 95 percent of Africa’ s tilapia aquaculture production in the mid-2010s. Each study provides a comprehensive account for the development of tilapia farming in the respective country with focus on the social and economic dimensions. Tilapia value chains are analysed in the context of the entire aquaculture or fish value chains from various perspectives (e.g. technical, economic, social and institutional). Issues, constraints and challenges are highlighted and discussed. Potential solutions are recommended. Despite the vast information and knowledge provided by the studies, there are still many unknowns about tilapia farming in Africa, especially on the economic performance. Further study is needed to fill the information and knowledge gaps.
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    Report of the Expert Consultation on the Assessment of Socio-economic Impacts of Aquaculture. Ankara, Turkey, 4–8 February 2008. 2008
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    This Expert Consultation was convened with the aim of identifying socio-economic impacts of aquaculture and a universally acceptable method for assessing them. The goal was also to advise FAO on future work in the area of socio-economics of aquaculture. The Consultation debated on the many positive and negative impacts of aquaculture, including those on land and land-based habitats, water and wild species, the downstream and upstream industries of aquaculture, infrastructure, incomes, employment , food supply, food quality and safety, food access, food stability, human health, education and training, population and demography, and community and social order, and emphasized that these impacts have profound interdependence and far-reaching socio-economic implications, which makes the task of assessing them difficult. There was a wide consensus amongst experts that multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) as a measurement technique is a su itable method for assessing socio-economic impacts in a situation where multiple attributes are important and cannot be easily reduced to a single monetary measure of impacts as is the case in aquaculture. However, because of the tangibles which can be evaluated in monetary terms and the intangibles which are difficult to quantify in monetary value in socio-economics of aquaculture, and given the wide range of impacts to assess as well as various circumstances, experts agreed that there is no si ngle method which could be used to assess the socio-economic impacts of aquaculture. In addition to MCDM using AHP, they suggested that other techniques such as the “costs benefits analysis” (CBA) could also be used depending on circumstances. They recommended that FAO carry out case studies in a certain number of developed and developing countries on assessing the socio-economic impacts of aquaculture using AHP, CBA and another technique in order to test and compare the applicability and result s of these methods in assessing socio-economic impacts of aquaculture. It was also recommended to develop a user guide on the implementation of these methods and build capacity in developing countries in using the identified techniques. Other needs for future work in socio-economics of aquaculture were also identified.

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