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Book (stand-alone)Women’s land rights and agrarian change: Evidence from indigenous communities in Cambodia 2019
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No results found.Current changes in land tenure in Cambodia are reshaping indigenous communities agrarian and socio-economic systems. Customary laws that have determined land usage and rights, are now undergoing profound transformations. The commodification of land, influenced by processes of dispossession and alienation, is reshaping communities’ norms and customs. Land, before freely available to users, is now substantially a private asset and as such transferred from one generation to the next one like other assets. Customary laws derive their legitimacy from social systems that are context specific and change with time. This determines their ambiguous character as instruments for resistance and self-determination as well as generators of unequal social relations in rural communities. The experiences from other continents and countries have shown the contradictory and often conflicting linkage between customary land rights and women’s rights to own land. This study analysis the customary inheritance system of indigenous groups in Northern Cambodia, prevalently centred around matrilineal or bilateral kinship, where women used to inherit and own the principal family assets. The research questions focus on indigenous women’s inheritance and property rights as they apply to land, in the context of increasing land commoditization and scarcity. The aim of the enquiry is to contribute to the understanding of the gender implications of these changes, by gaining insight about women’s position vis-à-vis land property, inheritance and transfer to new generations. The changes in land tenure that have occurred in Ratanakiri province during the last decades have resulted in a substantial alienation of land and resources formerly available to indigenous people. Consequently, the area farmed under shifting cultivation has significantly decreased and been replaced by permanent commercial crops, while the increasing monetization of communities’ economy has triggered new processes of social differentiation. Little support has been given to indigenous farmers in order to manage this transition and adapt their farming system while maintaining its sustainability. The legal instruments deriving from the Land Law, which in theory should have contributed to provide formal legal protecting to indigenous land and allow communities to continue using land according to their traditional tenure system were impaired by delays and the obstacles in the practical implementation of the law. External actors, institutional as well as non-governmental, have been actively promoting agricultural practices centred on rapid gains, unsustainable exploitation of land and forest, carpet introduction of monocultures without creating the conditions for the establishment of favourable value chains and market conditions. The changes that have taken place have important implications in terms of women’s role and status within communities: not only because of the farming system transition, but also as a consequence of the increasing influence of the mainstream culture, in which gender norms are more hierarchical and constrictive then the ones in use among the indigenous peoples targeted by this study. Following the evidence presented here, strengthening indigenous women land rights may result from a multipurpose approach that embraces different areas of interventions and actors, detailed in the recommendations provided. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetRespecting free, prior and informed consent
E-learning fact sheet
2020Also available in:
No results found.The Voluntary Guidelines on Governance of Tenure (VGGT) state that responsible investments should do no harm, and safeguard against dispossession of legitimate tenure right holders. They also embody international legal provisions requiring the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) from Indigenous Peoples to any project that may affect them. This course explains the underlying principles of FPIC, and sets forth practical actions that government agencies, civil society organizations, land users and private investors can take to ensure that FPIC is integrated into their operations. -
ProjectEnhancing Small Scale Farmers Productivity through Increased Application of Sustainable Farming Practices - TCP/NAM/3701 2021
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No results found.The subsistence-based smallholder farming sector of Namibia is highly vulnerable to climate change and variability. The expansion of cultivated areas to compensate for low yields, the exploitation of low-nutrient soils without restoration of soil fertility, changing climatic patterns (including low and erratic rainfall), and the lack of well-adapted technologies have been identified as major challenges for communal rain-fed crop producers. As such, there is a need to improve farming practices and related ecological approaches within rain-fed cropping systems in order to counter and reverse land degradation, as well as to adapt to changing climatic conditions, all while ensuring national food security. The Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform (MAWLR), with technical assistance from FAO, therefore implemented this project, which aimed to scale up the adoption of the Comprehensive Conservation Agriculture Programme (CCAP) in Namibia. Project activities were implemented across five regions, namely Kunene, Ohangwena, Omusati, Oshana and Oshikoto.
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