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No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Better utilization of crop residues and by-products in animal feeding: research guidelines - 2. A practical manual for research workers 1986
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No results found.The purpose of this Manual is to assist researchers in developing countries, especially those in the tropics, to develop livestock feeding systems based on the available resources which are mainly crop residues, dry and/or mature pastures and agroindustrial byproducts. The need for an alternative to the traditional methods of feed analysis was first raised at an Expert Consultation on New Feed Resources held in FAD Headquarters, Rome in November 1976. At that meting data were presented to show that the conventional feeding standards, derived fram research with feeds of temperate country origin, were of limited value when applied to the crop residues, dry pastures and sugar-rich agroindustrial byproducts which made up the feed inventory in most tropical countries. As a follow-up to this meeting a small network involving institutions frcm Cameroon, Nigeria and Senegal was set up by FAO to promote research on several locally available crop residues and agroindustrial byproducts. An FAO Seminar was organized in collaboration with the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), and held in Dakar, Senegal in September 1981. At this meeting, which addressed specifically the problems of utilizing feed resources in Africa, the first results of the Network were presented. During this discussion it became apparent that apart from the conceptual difficulties of applying in Africa the animal nutrition knowledge gained in Europe and North America, there were other serious limit ations of lack of infrastructure, especially laboratory equipment and the means of servicing, coupled with irregularities in electricity supplies. Ccmmunication among researchers working with tropical feed resources was found to be another limiting factor. It was resolved to extend the activities of the original Network to other countries in Africa and to join forces with the recently formed African Research Network on Agroindustrial Byproducts (ARNAB). It was proposed that the International Liv estock Centre for Africa, with its ccrnprehensive documentation and laboratory analytical facilities'. should provide the coordinating role. The conclusions and reccmmendations from the Dakar meeting were that there was a need to develop more appropriate procedures for evaluating crop residues and byproducts, taking into account the limited laboratory facilities of most institutions in Africa; and the nature of the livestock production systems, where multi-purpose traits such as draught power, ability to survive extended dry seasons and rural (transhumant) milk supply were greater relevance than the technologies from industrialized countries which emphasize specialized meat and milk production. The third meeting of the series was also organized by FAO and ILCA at Addis Ababa in March 1984 and addressed the specific issue of methodologies both for feed evaluation and research on livestock feeding systems. The advantages of promoting communication amoung different tropical regions w as emphasized by drawing on participants from Latin America, Asia and Africa to share their expaeriences with each other and with colleauges from Europe and North America, which have specific expertise to offer in the subject area. Consultation was charged with producinq two documents: the Proceedings dealing with the State of the Art of research into crop residues and byproducts; and a practical manual to serve as a guide for field workers, especially those operating with minimum facilities in terms of laboratory and literature support. Ruminants have received more attention than monogastrics. This is because, in tropical countries, they are generally the more important species from both the numerical and socio-econamic viewpoints. Furthermore, their physiological adaptations enable them to harvest and digest feeds, which are not available to the monogastric species, and which ipso facto are not competitive with humans for their food supply. -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (series)Aquaculture Feed and Fertilizer Resource Atlas of the Philippines 1997
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No results found.The paper is based on a comprehensive survey conducted by the author in 1995/1996 concerning the feed and fertilizer resources of the Philippines and their availability and use by the resident aquaculture sector. Presented in the form of an illustrated atlas, the report compiles information on the fertilizer and feed resources of the Philippines, where they are geographically located, how much is available and when, who is currently using this resource and how, the composition and cost of this r esource at source and with transportation, together with an assessment of the status of the existing animal feed manufacturing industry and its regulations, together with information on the feeding strategies employed by the aquaculture sector. It was estimated that approximately 45-75% and 85-95% of the feed ingredients currently used within commercial aquafeeds for fish (i.e. mainly tilapia and milkfish) and marine shrimp were composed of imported feed ingredients, respectively, as compared wi th only 20-30% for livestock and poultry feeds. -
Book (series)On-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture 2013
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No results found.This technical paper provides a comprehensive review of on-farm feeding and feed management practices in aquaculture. It comprises of a) ten case studies on feeding and feed management practices carried out in seven selected countries of Asia and Africa for eight species that belong to four major farmed species of freshwater finfish and shellfish; b) an analysis of the findings of the above ten case studies and a separately published case study for Indian major carps carried out in India; c) ten invited specialist reviews on feed management practices from regional and global perspectives; and d) an overview of the current status of feed management practices. The country-specific case studies were carried out for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in China, Thailand, the Philippines, Egypt and Ghana; Indian major carps [rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus)] in India and Bangladesh, giant river prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Bangladesh, strip ed catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Viet Nam and black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in India. The broad thematic areas that were addressed in these case studies and invited reviews are: i) current feed types (including fertilizers) and their use in semi-intensive and intensive farming systems; ii) on-farm feed production and management; iii) feeding and feed management strategies, feed procurement, transportation and storage; iv) environmental , economic, regulatory and legal frameworks of feeding and feed management practices; and iv) identification of research needs. Based on the information presented in the eleven case studies, ten specialist reviews and from other relevant publications, an overview paper presents concluding remarks and recommendations on some of the major issues and constraints in optimizing feed production, use and management.
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