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DocumentOther documentEvaluating local general equilibrium impacts of Zimbabwe’s Harmonized Social Cash Transfer Programme (HSCT) 2014
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No results found.The Harmonized Social Cash Transfer (HSCT) is an unconditional cash transfer introduced in 2011 by the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare (MPSLSW) in order to strengthen the purchasing power of ultra-poor households who are labour constrained through cash transfers. The objectives of the programme include enabling recipient households to increase consumption above the poverty line, reduce the number of ultra-poor households and help beneficiaries avoid risky coping strategies such as child labour and early marriage. Moreover, the programme is expected to lead to improved nutritional status, health and education outcomes, as well as a reduction in violence. As of March 2014, 55 509 households in 20 districts had been enrolled, covering 247 645 individuals. Local economy-wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) simulation methods are used to assess the likely impacts of cash transfers on the local economy. When the Harmonized Social Cash Transfer programme gives money to benefic iary households, they spend it, buying goods and services. As this cash swirls around within wards and districts, it creates benefits for non-recipient households as well who may provide the goods and services purchased by beneficiary households. This study finds that the Zimbabwe HSCT generates a total income multiplier of 1.73 in nominal terms with a confidence interval of 1.42 to 2.00. Each dollar of transfer has the potential to generate 1.73 dollars of total income within the project area. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureZimbabwe’s Harmonized Social Cash Transfer Programme: impacts on productive activities and labour allocation 2015
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No results found.Zimbabwe’s Harmonized Social Cash Transfer Programme (HSCT) is implemented by the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare. The programme is jointly funded by the Government of Zimbabwe, the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); the latter also provides technical and implementation support. The HSCT is an unconditional social cash transfer that targets food-poor and labour-constrained households. To be eligible for the programme, a household must be living below the food poverty line and unable to meet its most urgent basic needs; and face household labour constraints. Households are considered labour-constrained if they i) have no ablebodied member between the ages of 18 and 59; ii) have one able-bodied member between the ages of 18 and 59 who has to care for more than three dependents; or iii) have a dependency ratio between 2 and 3 with a severely disabled or chronically sick household member who requires intensive care. The HSCT, which was launched in 2012, initially covered ten districts and included 16 637 households. By March 2014, the programme had expanded to 20 districts and included 55 509 households. Efforts continue to expand the programme to reach all 65 districts of Zimbabwe, an estimated coverage of around 250 000 households. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical reportZimbabwe’s Harmonized Cash Transfer Programme: 12-month impact report on productive activities and labour allocation 2018
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No results found.This impact evaluation report uses a 12-month panel data set with a non-experimental design to analyse the impact of the Harmonized Cash Transfer Programme (HSCT) on individual and household economic decision-making, including agricultural and non-agricultural productive activities and assets, labour-supply credit and social networks. Attention is also paid to the role of household agricultural activities in household nutrition and dietary diversity. The general framework for empirical analysis consists of a double-difference estimation approach with a counterfactual. The findings reveal positive impacts of the HSCT on livelihood and nutrition indicators, although impacts vary based on the degree of labour constraint among beneficiary families.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food and Agriculture 2020
Overcoming water challenges in agriculture
2020Intensifying water constraints threaten food security and nutrition. Thus, urgent action is needed to make water use in agriculture more sustainable and equitable. Irrigated agriculture remains by far the largest user of freshwater, but scarcity of freshwater is a growing problem owing to increasing demand and competition for freshwater resources. At the same time, rainfed agriculture is facing increasing precipitation variability driven by climate change. These trends will exacerbate disputes among water users and inequality in access to water, especially for small-scale farmers, the rural poor and other vulnerable populations. The State of Food and Agriculture 2020 presents new estimates on the pervasiveness of water scarcity in irrigated agriculture and of water shortages in rainfed agriculture, as well as on the number of people affected. It finds major differences across countries, and also substantial spatial variation within countries. This evidence informs a discussion of how countries may determine appropriate policies and interventions, depending on the nature and magnitude of the problem, but also on other factors such as the type of agricultural production system and countries’ level of development and their political structures. Based on this, the publication provides guidance on how countries can prioritize policies and interventions to overcome water constraints in agriculture, while ensuring efficient, sustainable and equitable access to water.