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Environmental Impact Assessment (Volume III) of Livestock Production in Grassland and Mixed Rainfed Systems in Temperate Zones and Grassland and Mixed-Rainfed Systems in Humid and Subhumid Tropic and Subtropic Zones (Except Africa)

Volume III - Grassland-based Systems in Humid and Subhumid Tropic and Subtropic Zones (LGH)

Year of publication 1996

Author J. Richard Conner, Wayne T. Hamilton, Urs P. Kreuter, Dennis P. Sheehy, James R. Simpson, Jerry W. Stuth;Animal Production and Health Division

Product type Book (stand-alone)

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) Livestock grazing systems in humid areas (LGH) are most prevalent in South America where countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, and Paraguay account for 62.6 percent of the agricultural land in the LGH (see Table III.1). China, Australia, and the U.S. account for the remainder with 70 percent of the LGH human population and 18 percent of its agricultural land in China. This category represents about 75 percent of the livestock grazing systems in humid zones worldwide with the remaining 2 5 percent in Africa. The agricultural land in the LGH is 88 percent pastureland but is rather densely populated at the rate of 1.9 ha/capita overall and 0.5 ha/capita for China. The LGH represents about 13 percent of the world’s pastureland and accounts for 12 percent of the world’s cattle, and 6.4 percent of its sheep and goats (Table III.2). As with the agricultural land, South America accounts for the majority of the LGH cattle (83 percent) and sheep (57 percent). However, most of the go ats (57 percent) are found in China. Significant numbers of sheep are found in Australia and China. Livestock feed demand (based on livestock unit equivalents) for the three types of livestock in the LGH comes primarily from cattle (89 percent).

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    Mixed-farming systems in humid zones (MRH) are very important in South America (Argentina and Brazil) and Asia (China, India, Indonesia, and Thailand) (Table V.1). Significant amounts of this AZ-LS combination are also found in Australia, Mexico, and the U.S. The MRH supports just over one- fourth of the world’s population but uses only 7 percent of the world’s pasture land and 15 percent of its arable land. Its agricultural land is made up of almost equal parts of pasture and arable land, and i t supports a population density of .3 ha/capita. Several countries in Asia with land in the MRH have population densities of less than .1 ha/capita; e.g., Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, North Korea, etc. The MRH supports about 20 percent of the world’s cattle and 8.2 percent of its goats and sheep (Table V.2). As with the land and people, most of the livestock in the MRH are in Asia and South America. Bangladesh, China, India, and Indonesia combine to account for 44 percent of the cattle, 68 percen t of the sheep, and 86 percent of the goats in the MRH. Brazil alone accounts for 29 percent of the cattle in this AZ-LS, and it accounts for a large percent of the cattle produced in most of the other CSA countries. Based on livestock unit equivalents, 82 percent of the feed demand generated by the three types of livestock in the MR/H is from cattle. In this AZ-LS, buffalo (primarily in Southeast Asia) add an additional 25 percent to the total feed demand generated by the cattle, sheep, and goa ts.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Environmental Impact Assessment (Volume IV ) of Livestock Production in Grassland and Mixed Rainfed Systems in Temperate Zones and Grassland and Mixed-Rainfed Systems in Humid and Subhumid Tropic and Subtropic Zones (Except Africa)
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    Mixed farming systems in true temperate zones (MRT) are the dominant AZ-LS category for most of the northern hemisphere (Table IV.1). Countries in the former U.S.S.R. collectively account for 47 percent of the agricultural land in this category. This category is significant in the southern hemisphere only in Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and Chile. It accounts for 26.3 percent of the world’s human population, 17.4 percent of its pasture land, and 43.4 percent of its arable land. Its agricul tural lands consist of almost equal parts arable and pasture land, and it supports a population density of.8 ha/capita. The MRT supports almost one-fourth of the world’s cattle and one-fifth of its sheep and goats (Table IV.2). As with agricultural land, countries of the former U.S.S.R. account for more than one-third of the cattle and sheep. Most of the goats (55 percent), however, are found in China. Based on livestock unit equivalents, cattle account for 86 percent of the feed demand gen erated by the three types of livestock in the MRT.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Environmental Impact Assessment (Volume I) of Livestock Production in Grassland and Mixed Rainfed Systems in Temperate Zones and Grassland and Mixed-Rainfed Systems in Humid and Subhumid Tropic and Subtropic Zones (Except Africa)
    Volume I - Executive Summary, Delineation of Zones-Production Systems and Appendix
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    Concerns about degradation of forests and other natural resources, growing awareness about potentially adverse climate changes, and a greater consciousness worldwide about the need for protection of the earth’s environment have led to increased attention on agricultural and animal husbandry practices. These concerns are a natural and predictable reaction as human population continues to increase at unparalleled numbers each year. For example, in 1950 there were just 2.5 billion people in the wor ld. Forty years later, in 1990, this planet had 5 billion. By 2025 human population is expected to reach 8.5 billion people. In just seventy-five years-the life span of an average person in an economically developed country-population will have increased more than it did in all the previous history of the world. Little wonder that agricultural scientists as well as non-agriculturalists feel the time has come to take bold action to save our remaining forest habitat, prevent and even reverse land degradation, and develop a plan which will assure future generations of sustainable agricultural practices. This report focuses on worldwide livestock grazing and mixed farming systems in Temperate and Humid-Subhumid Tropic and Subtropic Agroecological Zones. Excluded are all lands of Africa, all Tropical Highlands, and Arid and Semiarid Tropics and Subtropics. The scope of this focus is massive as it includes 60 percent of the world’s people, 50 percent of the pasture land, 65 percent of t he arable land, 59 percent of the world’s cattle, 44 percent of the sheep and goats, as well as similar proportions of other forage-consuming animals.
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