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DocumentOther documentThe Carbon Balance of the World Bank-financed Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting and Hillside Irrigation (LWH) Project of the Government of Rwanda: Application of the EX-Ante Carbon-balance tool (EX-ACT)
Applied Work. EASYPol Module 121
2012Also available in:
No results found.Agriculture can play an important role in climate change mitigation while contributing to increased food security and reductions in rural poverty. The Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) can estimate the mitigation potential of rural development projects generated from changes in farming systems and land use. The study presents and discusses the EX-ACT analysis performed on the World Bankfinanced Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting and Hillside Irrigation Project of the Government of Rwanda. Estim ates of the impact of project activities on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration demonstrate that the implementation of the LWH project will provide additional environmental benefits by helping to mitigate climate change. Thus it reflects possible synergies between mitigation and rural development goals through a watershed approach. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyMainstreaming Carbon Balance Appraisal in Agriculture. EX-ACT: A Tool to Measure the Carbon-Balance
issue Papers. EASYPol Module 099
2011Also available in:
No results found.Agricultural systems can contribute significantly to an overall mitigation that will help to reduce the extent of adaptation required and catastrophic impacts on systems and sectors, on which lives and livelihoods depend. Many agricultural mitigation options, particularly those that involve soil C sequestration also generate co-benefits for adaptation, food security and rural development. This paper analyses the current context in which carbon balance and greenhouse gass (GHG) indicators fa ce growing interest in agriculture development. It highlights the multi-objective significance of carbon balance and multi benefits of improved carbon soil in term of mitigation, adaptation, cropping systems and local community resilience building. It proposes that Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) be used as the Agri-Environmental indicator in agriculture policy monitoring for developing countries and carbon balance as performance indicator in policy analysis. Tools that are currently available to calculate GHG emissions in agriculture sector at farm level or at project level are listed. EX-ACT1 Lastely, this paper develops a way in which carbon balance can be used in project and policy analysis, highlighting synergies with existing donors’ approaches. It also analyses the different ways to upscale the use of carbon balance methods within agriculture sector in developing countries. is presented as the specific tool to allow for a quick appraisal of the potential mitigation impacts o f agricultural investment projects, available to donors and planning officers, project designers and decision makers within agriculture and forestry sectors in developing countries. -
DocumentOther documentThe Carbon Footprint of the Agricultural Growth Project (AGP) in Ethiopia: An Application of the EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT)
Applied Work. EASYPol Module 118
2012Also available in:
No results found.This module presents a Case Study of a Carbon-Balance Appraisal for an investment programme. It is useful for people who wish to improve their skills on how to estimate the climate change mitigation potential of agricultural programmes/projects and how to integrate it into the economic analysis of projects. This case is part of a set of documents which intend to provide support project developers in the process of learning and applying the EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool (EX-ACT). More specifically, the EX-ACT application was tested on a FAO Programme in Madagascar and the results are demonstrated in this Case Study, which consists of a brief description of the project, guidelines for structuring project data and an appendix with project data.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
Also available in:
No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.