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FPMA 简报 #1 CH, 2023年2月10日

食品价格趋势月度报告












See full version of Food Price Monitoring and Analysis Bulletin #1, February 2023 (in English only)



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    2023年9月,国际谷物价格走势不一。受主要出口国不同因素影响,玉米价格上涨,而小麦价格继续下滑,原因是北半球收成工作接近尾声。与此同时,国际稻米价格略有下降,原因是进口需求总体放缓,加之印度稻米出口政策仍存在不确定性,以及各出口国的库存逐渐减少。2023年9月,大多数受粮农组织监测国家的国内主粮价格同比仍走高。不断上涨的能源价格继续导致运输和供应成本上扬,而货币疲软导致进口成本上升。动荡和冲突仍是海地以及东非和西非部分地区食品价上涨的主要原因。由于厄尔尼诺现象频发,市场愈发担忧亚洲和南部非洲部分地区2023/24年作物收成前景。
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    3月,所有主要谷物的国际价格均下跌。全球小麦价格大幅回落,原因是供应充足,出口竞争激烈,以及黑海谷物倡议延长。由于南美收割工作正在推进,巴西产量预计将创记录,阿根廷货币贬值,以及其他因素,玉米价格走低。3月,国际稻米价格也下跌,原因是亚洲主要出口国正在推进或即将开展收割工作。根据粮农组织对最新数据的分析,尽管国内主粮价格有所下降,但2023年3月,许多国家的价格仍维持在高位。由于东亚部分地区受季节性收成压力影响,加之独联体(亚洲和欧洲)主要出口国的小麦供应充足,一些主粮价格环比下降。冲突和国内动荡仍是海地以及东非和西非部分地区粮价上涨的主要原因,而东非和南部非洲部分地区价格上涨的主要原因是气候造成的冲击。货币疲软以及运输成本高企继续导致许多国家的本地产和进口食品价格上涨。
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    11月,国际谷物价格继续下跌。季节性收成压力导致粗粮和小麦的全球价格下跌。尽管各产地和细分市场的价格趋势存在差异,但粮农组织各类稻米价格指数环比保持稳定。 11月,大多数受粮农组织监测国家的年食品通胀率继续上涨,国内主粮价格同比走高。冲突、动荡、以及厄尔尼诺现象频发造成的极端天气事件等同时爆发,继续导致一些国家的粮食生产和市场活动受限。宏观经济形势艰难,如货币疲软,仍是导致食品价格高企的一大因素,粮食净进口国情况尤为如此。

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