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Book (series)Second Meeting of the Steering Committee for FAO's Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Facility (PPLPF) 2004
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No results found.With the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals, the international community has agreed to the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger as one of its primary targets. Livestock contribute to the livelihoods of an estimated 70% of the world’s rural poor. For many of these rural poor, livestock provide a small but steady stream of food and income, help raise whole farm productivity and are often the only way of increasing assets and diversifying risks. In addition, livestock have an importa nt role in improving the nutritional status of low-income households, confer status, are of cultural importance and create employment opportunities within and beyond the immediate household. -
DocumentContract Farming as an Institution for Integrating Rural Smallholders in Markets for Livestock Products in Developing Countries: (I) Framework and Applications
Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative: A Living from Livestock
2008Also available in:
No results found.This report provides an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of the emergence of contract arrangements versus reliance on spot markets. Transaction costs economics is the dominant school of thought in the literature on contracts, particularly with respect to the rationale of firms to vertically integrate instead of engaging in direct exchange in the open market. Vertical integration and other forms of exchange organisation are traced to the objective of economic agents to reduce transaction costs in an environment where market imperfections predominate and economic agents behave opportunistically. -
DocumentContract Farming as an Institution for Integrating Rural Smallholders in Markets for Livestock Products in Developing Countries: (II) Results in Case Countries
Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative: A Living from Livestock
2009Also available in:
No results found.This report provides an assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of contract farming as an institution for integrating rural smallholders in markets for livestock products, using detailed reviews of particular case studies on contract farming in India, Thailand, the Philippines and Viet Nam, and in which the principal author participated. Two forms of contracts engaged in by producers and market intermediaries existed: formal and informal contracts. In general, formal contracts were writte n contracts between an integrator company and a farmer, where the rights and obligations of each party were strictly defined. Informal contracts were unwritten but nevertheless binding agreements between a farmer and his market intermediary, which could either be a trader for inputs or outputs, or with a cooperative which he is a member of, on the provision of inputs or the marketing of output, or both.
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