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Book (series)Technical reportSecond Meeting of the Steering Committee for FAO's Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Facility (PPLPF) 2004
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No results found.With the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals, the international community has agreed to the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger as one of its primary targets. Livestock contribute to the livelihoods of an estimated 70% of the world’s rural poor. For many of these rural poor, livestock provide a small but steady stream of food and income, help raise whole farm productivity and are often the only way of increasing assets and diversifying risks. In addition, livestock have an importa nt role in improving the nutritional status of low-income households, confer status, are of cultural importance and create employment opportunities within and beyond the immediate household. -
DocumentTechnical reportContract Farming as an Institution for Integrating Rural Smallholders in Markets for Livestock Products in Developing Countries: (I) Framework and Applications
Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative: A Living from Livestock
2008Also available in:
No results found.This report provides an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of the emergence of contract arrangements versus reliance on spot markets. Transaction costs economics is the dominant school of thought in the literature on contracts, particularly with respect to the rationale of firms to vertically integrate instead of engaging in direct exchange in the open market. Vertical integration and other forms of exchange organisation are traced to the objective of economic agents to reduce transaction costs in an environment where market imperfections predominate and economic agents behave opportunistically. -
DocumentTechnical reportContract Farming as an Institution for Integrating Rural Smallholders in Markets for Livestock Products in Developing Countries: (II) Results in Case Countries
Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative: A Living from Livestock
2009Also available in:
No results found.This report provides an assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of contract farming as an institution for integrating rural smallholders in markets for livestock products, using detailed reviews of particular case studies on contract farming in India, Thailand, the Philippines and Viet Nam, and in which the principal author participated. Two forms of contracts engaged in by producers and market intermediaries existed: formal and informal contracts. In general, formal contracts were writte n contracts between an integrator company and a farmer, where the rights and obligations of each party were strictly defined. Informal contracts were unwritten but nevertheless binding agreements between a farmer and his market intermediary, which could either be a trader for inputs or outputs, or with a cooperative which he is a member of, on the provision of inputs or the marketing of output, or both.
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BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (stand-alone)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
Building climate resilience for food security and nutrition
2018New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting. Last year’s report showed that the failure to reduce world hunger is closely associated with the increase in conflict and violence in several parts of the world. In some countries, initial evidence showed climate-related events were also undermining food security and nutrition. This year’s report goes further to show that climate variability and extremes – even without conflict – are key drivers behind the recent rise in global hunger and one of the leading causes of severe food crises and their impact on people’s nutrition and health. Climate variability and exposure to more complex, frequent and intense climate extremes are threatening to erode and reverse gains in ending hunger and malnutrition. Furthermore, hunger is significantly worse in countries where agriculture systems are highly sensitive to rainfall, temperature and severe drought, and where the livelihood of a high proportion of the population depends on agriculture. The findings of this report reveal new challenges to ending hunger, food insecurity and all forms of malnutrition. There is an urgent need to accelerate and scale up actions that strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity of people and their livelihoods to climate variability and extremes. These and other findings are detailed in the 2018 edition of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.