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Genetic resources of Indian major carps.












Reddy, P.V.G.K.Genetic resources of Indian major carps.FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 387. Rome, FAO. 1999. 76p.


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    The genetic resources of common carp maintained at the Fish Culture Research Institute in Szarvas, Hungary, are described. Eighteen Hungarian strains (landraces) and 13 strains from outside Hungary (primarily former Soviet Republics, Eastern Europe and Asia) are maintained in a living gene bank at the Institute. The genetic improvement of common carp in Hungary started in 1962 at the Fish Culture Research Institute. Traditional selection (family and mass selection), other types of genetic mani pulations, such as inbreeding, gynogenesis and hormonal sex-reversion, and intra-specific hybridization have resulted in the production and testing of more than 150 combinations of common carp strains. Five main features were evaluated that determined the economical value of the resulting strains: survival, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, slaughter value and fat content of the meat. These research efforts produced three outstanding hybrids of common carp: the Sz215 mirror, the SzP31 and SzP3 4 scaly hybrids, which now represent 80 percent of the total carp production in Hungary. The Fish Culture Research Institute is a key part of a national breeding programme in Hungary that provides fish farms and fish seed production units with parental lines of hybrid common carp.
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    The present issue of Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) goes to press immediately following the Eleventh World Forestry Congress held in Turkey 13-22 October 1997, which more than 4000 colleagues from 145 countries attended. In regard to the conservation and use of forest genetic resources, the Congress, in its deliberations and report, stressed that action to conserve, manage, sustainably utilize and enhance forest genetic resources is an urgent priority. The lead article in the present issue, whil e focusing on temperate conifers, will provide guidance in the development of in situ strategies also in other ecological zones. In addition, FGR No. 25 includes a number of additional notes and articles from colleagues in all regions of the world.
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    Forest Genetic Resources No. 24 1996
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    The Fourth International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, organized in Leipzig, Germany 17-23 June 1996 (see this number of the Forest Genetic Resources bulletin [FGR]), adopted a Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.This plan excluded consideration of forest genetic resources, ".. on the understanding that this matter could be considered in future, in the light of the work of the Inter-Governme ntal Panel on Forests (IPF) established by the Commission on Sustainable Development on this issue".

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    The purpose of planning for forestry development is to establish a workable framework for forest use and conservation which incorporates the economic, social and environmental dimensions on a sustainable basis. The framework is about creating a shared vision of how forests will be used and protected. This can be summed up in a single central question: Trees and forests for whom and for what? The question is not new but what is new is the perception that so many different groups have an interest in the reply. Forestry planning has traditionally been mainly concerned with the production of timber for industry and other wood products, and with forest industry development. Planning for environmental goals also has a long history but was largely restricted to designated areas for exclusive conservation. National forestry development agencies were essentially responsible for the sustained yield management on protected public forest lands and for reserved forests. The term "sustained yield " was mostly limited to wood production and therefore excluded the majority of other forest products and services. Although most forestry agencies have made progress towards multiple-use management, planning remains often biased towards timber in a wide range of countries. Many of the actions taken in order to stimulate forestry development in the immediate failed to sustain the momentum of growth in the longer term. Short term achievements sometimes resulted in degradation or destruction of the stock of natural capital needed in order to maintain growth in the future or reduced options for future end uses by degrading the forest capital.