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ArticleNetwork and knowledge transmission for climate change on a non-timber forestry product in an era of depopulation, shiitake produced in sawtooth oak trees at Kunisaki GIAHS site
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Climate change is disturbing forests and other ecosystems at a global scale. It could affect how foresters, forest owners, and other related actors manage the forests and conduct their daily lives. This also applies to the producers and strategies of collectors of non-timber forestry products (NTFPs). This study examines, “How climate change affects NTFP producers and strategies of collectors? How resilient are their mitigation and adaption measures for forests and forest communities?” The shiitake, Lentinula edodes, produced in lower temperature are more valuable in market price but are facing challenges. We interviewed veteran producers of shiitake mushroom in Kunisaki City, Oita Prefecture, Japan for the period of June to September 2020. They produce shiitake in the forests of sawtooth oak trees, Quercus acutissima, in a site of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). In this GIAHS site, the forests retain water and provide water for the irrigation pond system. Shiitake producers underpin this GIAHS system through participating in forest management and food supply. They cut the trees of about 15 years old and utilize the logs for shiitake production inside the forests. The branches of the cut trees are put to cover and humidify the logs until the fungus of shiitake spreads inside the logs. As shiitake production sustains the livelihoods of the producers in the depopulated society, the production maintains the forests for the centuries. The producers are adapting to the heats and frequent typhoons by countermeasures; for example, with the temperature increased, a producer wonders how much they keep producing shiitake which sprouts at low temperature. They also sprinkle more water to cool the inoculated logs. This study explores how traditional knowledge is changing or adapting to climate change and how they are transmitted. Keywords: Adaptive and integrated management, Climate change, Economic Development, Food systems, Knowledge management ID: 3486707 -
DocumentPrecision monitoring of leaf-cutting ant nests in sub-orbital RGB images using deep learning
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Leaf-cutting ants are the main pests of plantation forests in South America, causing severe defoliation, leading to production losses, plant mortality and increased susceptibility to other insects. Chemical control with sulfluramid active ingredient is the most used method. This proposal aimed to develop an innovative method for leaf-cutting ants nest detection in sub-orbital RGB images using deep learning techniques. The study was carried out in a 6-month-old eucalyptus stand with 91.3 hectares in the municipality of Três Lagoas, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The images of the stand were collected by a DJI Phantom 4 Advanced aircraft with an RGB camera and processed to produce an orthomosaic with a ground-level resolution of 5.2 cm/pix. The final orthomosaic was cropped in sub-images of 98 x 81 pixels. Sub-images that contained ant nests were labelled using bounding boxes. The database used in experiments consists of 2465 images containing leaf-cutting ant nests and 2465 images of ants' nest absence (background). The detection algorithm used as the deep learning framework based on the YOLO convolutional neural network architecture. The quality of its predictions was evaluated by accuracy, Kappa, sensitivity, specificity, and absolute mean error (MAE) metrics between training and validation samples. YOLO achieved 98.45% accuracy and YOLO 0.49% MAE as the best performances in nests measuring task, demonstrating the high complexity of detecting this target type. Obtained results show that YOLO is a promising approach for precision monitoring of leaf-cutting ant nests in sub-orbital RGB images and can contribute to reduce and optimize insecticide use in plantation forests, which is aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), consisting of responsible consumption and production (Goal 12), and terrestrial life (Goal 15). Keywords: Monitoring and data collection, Innovation, Knowledge management ID: 3622337 -
DocumentSmall-scale timber plantations for rural household livelihoods: Case study of Acacia timber production and commercialization system in central Vietnam
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Rural poverty alleviation implies economic development at local levels to which forests contribute to different extents. Smallholder-managed timber plantations form the backbone of wood supply in Vietnam. Of the planted tree species, Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium) hybrid is one of the most preferred by timber growers. Yet, the contribution of these timber plantations to rural livelihoods is currently unknown.
This study explores the impacts of Acacia timber production and trade on rural livelihoods in Thua Thien Hue province, where the tree species has been cultivated widely since approximately 20 years. 300 household heads in Nam Dong and Phu Loc district were interviewed, following a stratified random sampling approach. We employed a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics to examine the contribution of Acacia hybrid timber income to household economies. In addition, three Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures and the Gini decomposition method were used to evaluate the effects of income from timber plantations on poverty and income inequality. The findings were validated in group discussions, key informant interviews and direct observations.
The results demonstrated that Acacia hybrid timber plantations accounted for 33-56% of total annual household income. However, more wealthy households benefitted more from Acacia timber income especially in case of a well-developed market. Livelihood diversification using timber production notably reduced all three poverty indices in both districts. Given its highest share of total Gini and positive marginal effect on total Gini, Acacia timber income was the main contributor to the overall income inequality. While this income source reduced the Gini coefficient by 0.7% in Nam Dong, it increased Gini coefficient by 18% in Phu Loc district. Recommendations refer to improving the contribution of Acacia hybrid timber plantations to rural livelihoods. Keywords: Human health and well-being, Sustainable forest management, Landscape management, Governance, Deforestation and forest degradation ID: 3477875
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