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How can the farmer field school approach be used to support agroecological transitions in family farming in the Global South?

Recommendations for farmer field school facilitators, agricultural development project designers and managers









Bakker, T., Dugué, P., Roesch, K., Phillips, S. and Poisot, A.S. 2022. How can the farmer field school approach be used to support agroecological transitions in family farming in the Global South? Recommendations for farmer field school facilitators, agricultural development project designers and managers. Rome, FAO. 




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    Methodological recommendations to better evaluate the effects of farmer field schools mobilized to support agroecological transitions 2022
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    The farmer field school (FFS) approach, based on group experimentation of innovative practices and/or farming systems, is in line with participatory farm advisory efforts. This approach has an ambitious goal: strengthening farmers’ skills so that they can adapt their practices, or even invent new ones, and move towards more agroecological farming systems. Assessing such an advisory intervention poses significant challenges. The purpose of this document is to propose fresh ways to update FFS assessment methods, notably the study of changes in farming practices and the detailed analysis of FFS outcomes. Project designers, managers, and evaluators are the target audience for this document, which may also interest teachers, researchers, students, and policymakers. The elements of the FFS assessment methodology presented here stem from the collaboration between three institutions, CIRAD, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), and the NGO AVSF (Agronomists and Veterinarians Without Borders), and fieldwork carried out in cotton-growing areas of Burkina Faso and Togo between 2018 and 2019. This document is divided into four parts. We first define FSS and the principles of the approach, then we detail the methods commonly used to assess FSS and the challenges involved. We then present a comprehensive assessment method using a case study in northern Togo. The final part of the report provides a basis for placing the proposed method within the process of designing an assessment for a project involving FSS.
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    Programme Guidelines for Projects under the FAO-China South-South Cooperation Programme 2018
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    South-South Cooperation (SSC) is the mutual sharing and transfer of key development solutions, including knowledge, experiences and good practices, policies, technology, know-how, and resources, between and among countries in the global South. It is widely accepted as a complementary development cooperation instrument to the traditional North-South cooperation. SSC is considered a key instrument for promoting agricultural development and food security. The People’s Republic of China has been involved in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ (FAO) SSC programme since its inception in 1996. As the first country to establish an SSC strategic alliance with FAO in 2006, China decided in 2008 to donate USD 30 million to FAO by setting up a SSC trust fund specifically in support of the FAO-China SSC Programme. Since then, China has already donated USD 80 million to support FAO’s SSC. In China, the Government designated institutions, allocated special funds, selected and dispatched qualified experts and technicians, to ensure the smooth implementation and success of the SSC programme. By the end of 2017, China has fielded more than 1 000 long-term experts and technicians in 28 countries in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and the South Pacific. In addition, over 1 000 High-Level (HL) Officials and experts from more than 100 countries participated in the capacity development activities including workshops, trainings and study tours, which have made great contributions to agricultural development and food security in the host countries and reflected China’s image as a responsible developing country to promote the building of a community of shared future for mankind. The SSC modality of deploying long-term experts and technicians, has become one of the most popular cooperation modalities, and has been recognized by countries in the global South as an important delivery mechanism for the agriculture development in host countries and highly praised by the international society. Based on the experience and lessons learned in the past years and in order to better guide and smoothly improve the implementation of the Programme, FAO and China jointly developed these Programme Guidelines for the procedures at each stage of the Project Cycle, intending to further clarify the responsibilities of all parties engaged. These guidelines are fully aligned with the FAO Project Cycle Guide. Further, it aims to ensure that the mutual commitments in the Tripartite Agreement (TPA) and the Multilateral Agreement (MLA) are adhered to and to enhance the capacity of relevant actors for successful programme implementation.
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    Evaluation of the “Project for restoration of livelihoods in the merged areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa”
    Project code: OSRO/PAK/802/JCA
    2022
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    The evaluation of the project assessed the project’s design, its achievements vis-à-vis its objectives, its impact, and its success areas, gaps, and lessons learned through a mixed-methods approach combining in-depth analysis of project documents with direct observations in the field, key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The evaluation found that the project was successful in meeting or nearly meeting most of the output targets set out including: i) provision of improved/climate-resilient seeds to 22 000 households; ii) established 350 vegetable nurseries; iii) established 500 seasonal vegetable production enterprises; iv) established 200 off-season vegetable production enterprises; v) provided fruit plants planted around vegetable and cereal fields, and in homestead gardens (50 plants/household to 2 000/household); vi) established 50 model demonstration plots of improved variety crops (cereal, vegetables, fodder) established through farmer field schools (FFS); vii) installed 60 High Efficiency Irrigation System (HEIS) tunnels (30 in each district); viii) provided backyard poultry packages to 3 800 women beneficiaries; ix) 2 300 doses of sexed semen (1 150 each for Khyber and Kurram districts) were procured and handed over to Livestock and Dairy Development Department; x) rehabilitated 23 irrigation schemes; and xi) rehabilitated ten fish farm projects. Overall, the evaluation team found the project design to be sound. The theory of change (TOC) is based on clearly articulated causal linkages between individual interventions and the planned objective. However, the project lacked gender-focused interventions. The project also faced delays throughout implementation which were further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for future projects include review of the FAO’s internal procurement processes to minimize delays, ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of infrastructure (irrigation) schemes through continued beneficiary engagement, provision of integrated support to poultry value chain development, and setting gender-disaggregated activity targets and linking interventions with broader outcomes for women beneficiaries.

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