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ARC/24/INF/16 - Transformación rural inclusiva en África: la mecanización, la digitalizacióny las mujeres y los jóvenes en la agricultura












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    La República Dominicana produce el 85 % de su canasta básica, siendo el 93 % de las casi 320 000 unidades productivas agrícolas en el país generadas por pequeños productores. Estos pequeños productores producen la mayoría de los alimentos consumidos por la población y generan empleos en las zonas rurales, dinamizando las economías locales. Sin embargo, el sector turístico es uno de los principales contribuyentes al producto interno bruto (PIB), demandando el 40,9 % de bienes y servicios producidos por otros sectores económicos. La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha impactado negativamente en las actividades productivas, especialmente en el turismo, con un decrecimiento del 46,9 % entre enero y agosto de 2020, afectando también al sector agropecuario. La Agricultura Familiar (AF) se ha visto fuertemente afectada como importante abastecedor de alimentos y servicios en los entornos rurales, lo cual es insostenible a largo plazo.
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    Esta publicación presenta algunas herramientas que las organizaciones de asistencia técnica y extensión rural en áreas rurales han utilizado para reinventarse, especialmente después de la pandemia de la COVID-19, utilizando la digitalización para fortalecer el conocimiento en el campo, particularmente en la agricultura familiar. El tema de la conectividad, especialmente en las zonas rurales, es un desafío enfrentado por todos los países de la región. Según la FAO (2020), la digitalización, junto con un uso más intensivo del análisis de datos y nuevos modelos de gobernanza, es un acelerador de la transformación inclusiva y sostenible de los sistemas agroalimentarios.Esta publicación reúne experiencias del proyecto +Algodón en distintos contextos y que muestran la emergencia de nuevas herramientas, metodologías y técnicas que se apoyan en el uso más intensivo de las innovaciones tecnológicas para contribuir a las transformaciones que aceleren la transición hacia sistemas agroalimentarios más eficientes, inclusivos, sostenibles y resilientes en América Latina y el Caribe. Organizada en artículos, la publicación presenta las bases metodológicas pedagógicas para una asistencia técnica y extensión rural (ATER) digital participativa en el marco del proyecto; relata experiencias en el entorno digital de comunicación rural, como el caso del Ecuador y de Colombia; propone reflexiones sobre los mecanismos para promover la innovación en una ATER digital a partir de las lecciones aprendidas con el proyecto; y ofrece sugerencias de iniciativas de asistencia técnica y extensión rural en la región.Este documento, una contribución del proyecto +Algodón, ejecutado por la FAO y la Agencia Brasileña de Cooperación (ABC) en el marco del Programa de Cooperación Internacional Brasil-FAO, está dirigido a todos los interesados en el tema de la asistencia técnica y extensión rural, como profesionales de campo, investigadores y estudiantes, así como a quienes se interesan en la digitalización en el medio rural.

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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.
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    This report provides an update on global progress towards the targets of ending hunger (SDG Target 2.1) and all forms of malnutrition (SDG Target 2.2) and estimates on the number of people who are unable to afford a healthy diet. Since its 2017 edition, this report has repeatedly highlighted that the intensification and interaction of conflict, climate extremes and economic slowdowns and downturns, combined with highly unaffordable nutritious foods and growing inequality, are pushing us off track to meet the SDG 2 targets. However, other important megatrends must also be factored into the analysis to fully understand the challenges and opportunities for meeting the SDG 2 targets. One such megatrend, and the focus of this year’s report, is urbanization. New evidence shows that food purchases in some countries are no longer high only among urban households but also among rural households. Consumption of highly processed foods is also increasing in peri-urban and rural areas of some countries. These changes are affecting people’s food security and nutrition in ways that differ depending on where they live across the rural–urban continuum. This timely and relevant theme is aligned with the United Nations General Assembly-endorsed New Urban Agenda, and the report provides recommendations on the policies, investments and actions needed to address the challenges of agrifood systems transformation under urbanization and to enable opportunities for ensuring access to affordable healthy diets for everyone.
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    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.