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ArticleMapping the benefit-cost ratios of interventions against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa 2015
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No results found.This study builds upon earlier work mapping the potential benefits from bovine trypanosomosis control and analysing the costs of different approaches. Updated costs were derived for five intervention techniques: trypanocides, targets, insecticide-treated cattle, aerial spraying and the release of sterile males. Two strategies were considered: continuous control and elimination. For mapping the costs, cattle densities, environmental constraints, and the presence of savannah or riverine tsetse spe cies were taken into account. These were combined with maps of potential benefits to produce maps of benefit-cost ratios. Author’s Accepted Manuscript, published with permission. -
ArticleMapping the economic benefits to livestock keepers from intervening against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa 2014
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No results found.This study builds upon earlier work mapping the potential benefits from bovine trypanosomosis control and analysing the costs of different approaches. Updated costs were derived for five intervention techniques: trypanocides, targets, insecticide-treated cattle, aerial spraying and the release of sterile males. Two strategies were considered: continuous control and elimination. For mapping the costs, cattle densities, environmental constraints, and the presence of savannah or riverine tsetse species were taken into account. These were combined with maps of potential benefits to produce maps of benefit-cost ratios. The results illustrate a diverse picture, and they clearly indicate that no single technique or strategy is universally profitable. For control using trypanocide prophylaxis, returns are modest, even without accounting for the risk of drug resistance but, in areas of low cattle densities, this is the only approach that yields a positive return. Where cattle densities are sufficient to support it, the use of insecticide-treated cattle stands out as the most consistently profitable technique, widely achieving benefit-cost ratios above 5. In parts of the high-potential areas such as the mixed farming, high-oxen-use zones of western Ethiopia, the fertile crescent north of Lake Victoria and the dairy production areas in western and central Kenya, all tsetse control strategies achieve benefit-cost ratios from 2 to over 15, and for elimination strategies, ratios from 5 to over 20. By contrast, in some areas, notably where cattle densities are below 20 per km2, the costs of interventions against tsetse match or even outweigh the benefits, especially for control scenarios using aerial spraying or the deployment of targets where both savannah and riverine flies are present. If the burden of human African trypanosomosis were factored in, the benefit-cost ratios of some of the low-return areas would be considerably increased. Comparatively, elimination strategies give rise to higher benefit-cost ratios than do those for continuous control. However, the costs calculated for elimination assume problem-free, large scale operations, and they rest on the outputs of entomological models that are difficult to validate in the field. Experience indicates that the conditions underlying successful and sustained elimination campaigns are seldom met. By choosing the most appropriate thresholds for benefit-cost ratios, decision-makers and planners can use the maps to define strategies, assist in prioritising areas for intervention, and help choose among intervention techniques and approaches. The methodology would have wider applicability in analysing other disease constraints with a strong spatial component. -
Book (stand-alone)One Health cost–benefit analysis of control policies for the prevention of livestock brucellosis in Georgia 2025
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No results found.An economic analysis was performed to assess the cost of brucellosis to households, to the public, and to livestock production in Georgia. The burden of brucellosis on the humanpopulation was estimated from data on morbidity, duration of the disease, treatment as outpatient or inpatient, and lost income. Lost profit in animal production was estimated fromthe effect of abortion and reduced milk yield on gross margins of infected animals. The cost–benefit analysis focused on the net monetary gain associated only with vaccination strategiesfor brucellosis prevention and control. The effectiveness of proposed control measures was compared using spreadsheet models, estimating the number of vaccinated animals in thepopulation over time, and the development of a mathematical model to estimate the number of infected animals over time according to vaccination scenarios.Seven selected scenarios were thoroughly analysed, starting with the projected immunity they confer to the ruminant population, predicted effectiveness in reducing the disease burden, and comparison of costs and benefits and related indicators such as net present value, cost–benefit ratio, and internal rate of return. Recommendations are given.
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