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Book (stand-alone)Regional Standards for Phytosanitary Measures. Guidelines for the confirmation of non-host status of fruit and vegetables to tephritid fruit flies 2005
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No results found.A standard method for the confirmation of non-host status of fruit and vegetables to tephritid fruit flies has important ramifications for international trade in many fresh fruit and vegetable commodities. Non-host or conditional non-host status at a particular stage of harvest maturity can be used as a phytosanitary measure to ensure freedom from fruit fly infestation. However, published records of hosts for particular fruit fly species may not always be reliable for determining non-host stat us for phytosanitary purposes. They may be misleading, incomplete or incorrect for negotiating market access protocols. This standard uses well-known techniques to provide a regular methodology for solving the problem of inaccurate host status records or the absence of host status information. This standard was endorsed by the by the twenty-fourth session of the Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC) held in Bangkok, Thailand in September 2005. Regional standards for phytosa nitary measures are developed and adopted by APPPC as part of the plant protection programme of the Commission's contracting parties to support regional harmonization and facilitate trade of commodities by member countries. -
Book (stand-alone)Regional Standards for Phytosanitary Measures. Guidelines for the development of heat disinfestation treatments of fruit fly host commodities 2004
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No results found.Phytosanitary measures are often required for imported commodities to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests. Such measures need to be appropriate for a specific commodity and effective against the quarantine pests of that commodity. Among the options available, heat treatment is regarded as one the measures that is environmentally friendly and free from residues. Endorsed by the twenty-third session of the Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC) held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in August 2003, these guidelines describe methods for identifying and developing appropriate heat disinfestation treatments against quarantine fruit flies in host commodities traded by APPPC member countries. Regional standards for phytosanitary measures are developed and adopted by APPPC as part of the plant protection programme of the Commission's contracting parties to support regional harmonization and facilitate trade of commodities by member countries. -
Book (stand-alone)PRIVATE STANDARDS IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION MARKETS FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Implications for developing countries
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No results found.Over the past 20 years the number of standards and certification programmes for agricultural production has grown rapidly. Producers who want to export are confronted not only by a plethora of import regulations, but also within import countries by different niche markets for which specific requirements have to be fulfilled. While the adoption of voluntary standards may grant export opportunities to farmers, they can also be considered barriers to entry for those who cannot apply them either because they are too onerous or because of the lack of knowledge about their requirements. In fact, some producers and exporters increasingly regard private standards as non‑tariff barriers to trade. New and more stringent standards are being developed year after year, and there is an urgent need to determine today, and in the future, the extent to which these govern world trade. This report gives an overview of standards and certification programmes relevant for fruit and v egetable producers and exporters in developing countries with a focus on the markets of the United States and the European Union. In addition, it gives an overview of current analytical work on standards and trade, reviews major assistance programmes related to standards and provides recommendations for further research.
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