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MeetingMeeting documentA Review of IRAN Fisheries Data & Statistics with emphasis tuna fishes 2014
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DocumentOther documentEvaluating harvest control rules for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) fisheries in the Indian Ocean 2013
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No results found.Bigeye tu (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tu (Thunnus albacares) support two of the most important fisheries in the Indian Ocean. However, there is little research evaluating harvest control rules (HCRs) for their magement. In this study we evaluated four HCRs, ‘knife-edged’, ‘linear’, ‘convex’, and ‘concave’, for these two species. These four HCRs defined magement rules for how annual fishing mortality should be adjusted based on perceived stock status. Fishing mortality was adjusted linearly, c onvexly and concavely for the ‘linear’, ‘convex’, and ‘concave’ HCRs, respectively when the current spawning stock biomass (SSB) was between the limit and target SSB-based biological reference points (BRPs). Two age-structured operating models were developed to simulate fisheries maged under these HCRs for a 25-year magement period. Implementation and process errors, and uncertainties in key fisheries parameters were considered as sources of uncertainty in this study. All four HCRs were found to be effective in driving both stocks to the status defined by maximum sustaible yield-based BRPs. The ‘knife-edged’ HCR, which has constant fishing mortality but switches fishing mortality to 0 when stock biomass is below the limit SSB-based BRP, led to relatively poor performance. Our results indicate that a simulation study is needed to evaluate the performance of BRPs and HCRs in maging bigeye tu and yellowfin tu fisheries in the Indian Ocean. -
MeetingMeeting documentEvaluation of three harvest control rules for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) fisheries in the Indian Ocean 2013
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.