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Evaluation of Field Trials Data on the Efficacy and Selectivity of Insecticides on Locusts and Grasshoppers

Report to FAO by the Locust Pesticide Referee Group Eleventh Meeting (virtual) November 2021
















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    The Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) for the control of the Desert Locust define the procedures that should be followed in a Desert Locust control campaign to minimize the impact of the use of insecticides on human health and the environment. This Manual for the implementation of SOPs for EHS has been developed to support the person responsible for the implementation of EHS at the National Locust Control Unit (NLCU). The Manual should facilitate the programming of activities to be carried out, structure the documentation of the state of implementation, and allow relatively easy monitoring of the extent to which the EHS has been achieved by the managers of the NLCU or by third parties. The Manual presents a "model approach" for the implementation of the EHS. However, this approach is flexible and should not be applied too rigorously but adapted to the national situation and the specific organization of NLCU. The objectives of the Manual are to:  clarify responsibilities for the implementation of each Standard Operation Procedure (SOP);  plan the activities to be carried out;  allow the internal monitoring of the implementation process;  ensure complete documentation of the implementation process;  facilitate the external audit; and  allow an easy adaptation to the national situation
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    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.