Annex I DATA TABLES
TABLE A-1.
Prevalence of undernourishment (percent)
| 2000–2002 | 2004–2006 | 2009–2011 | 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2018–2020 | 2019–2021 | |
| World | 13.1 | 12.2 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 9.0 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 2.9 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Caucasus | 16.2 | 6.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Central Asia | 16.3 | 14.2 | 7.4 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 4.1 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| EFTA countries | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Other | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Western Balkans | 4.1 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 |
| Albania | 4.9 | 8.9 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 3.9 |
| Andorra | |||||||
| Armenia | 26.1 | 12.3 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.5 |
| Austria | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Azerbaijan | 17.0 | 4.8 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Belarus | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Belgium | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3.2 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Bulgaria | 4.0 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Croatia | 6.8 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Cyprus | 5.1 | 7.6 | 3.0 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Czechia | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Denmark | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Estonia | 3.6 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Finland | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| France | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Georgia | 7.7 | 4.1 | 6.7 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.6 |
| Germany | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Greece | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Hungary | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Iceland | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Ireland | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Israel | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Italy | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Kazakhstan | 6.5 | 7.3 | 3.2 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 15.0 | 8.5 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.3 |
| Latvia | 4.6 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Lithuania | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Luxembourg | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Malta | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Montenegro | 9.6 | 5.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Netherlands | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| North Macedonia | 7.5 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
| Norway | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Poland | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Portugal | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Republic of Moldova | 24.6 | 34.3 | 17.6 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.7 |
| Romania | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Russian Federation | 4.0 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Serbia | 3.1 | <2.5 | <2.5 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.3 |
| Slovakia | 6.1 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
| Slovenia | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Spain | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Sweden | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Switzerland | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Tajikistan | 40.9 | 38.7 | 26.5 | 15.8 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 8.6 |
| Türkiye | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Turkmenistan | 6.8 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Ukraine | 3.0 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | 2.6 | 2.8 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Uzbekistan | 17.9 | 14.7 | 5.4 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
Source: FAO. 2022. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAO. Rome. Cited November 2022. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
TABLE A-2.
Number of undernourished people (millions)
| 2000–2002 | 2004–2006 | 2009–2011 | 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2018–2020 | 2019–2021 | |
| World | 816.7 | 798.9 | 620.6 | 581.8 | 594.1 | 643.5 | 702.7 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 25.2 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Caucasus | 2.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Central Asia | 9.1 | 8.3 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 8.6 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| EFTA countries | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Other | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Western Balkans | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Albania | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Andorra | |||||||
| Armenia | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 |
| Austria | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Azerbaijan | 1.4 | 0.4 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Belarus | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Belgium | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.1 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Bulgaria | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Croatia | 0.3 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Cyprus | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Czechia | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Denmark | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Estonia | <0.1 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Finland | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| France | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Georgia | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Germany | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Greece | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Hungary | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Iceland | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Ireland | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Israel | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Italy | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Kazakhstan | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.5 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Kyrgyzstan | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Latvia | 0.1 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Lithuania | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Luxembourg | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Malta | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Montenegro | <0.1 | <0.1 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Netherlands | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| North Macedonia | 0.2 | 0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Norway | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Poland | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Portugal | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Republic of Moldova | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Romania | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Russian Federation | 5.9 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Serbia | 0.3 | n.r. | n.r. | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Slovakia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Slovenia | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Spain | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Sweden | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Switzerland | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Tajikistan | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Türkiye | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Turkmenistan | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Ukraine | 1.4 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Uzbekistan | 4.5 | 3.9 | 1.6 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
Note: n.r. = data not reported as the prevalence is less than 2.5 percent.
Source: FAO. 2022. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAO. Rome. Cited November 2022. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
Source: FAO. 2022. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAO. Rome. Cited November 2022. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
TABLE A-3.
Prevalence of food insecurity (percent)
| Moderate or severe food insecurity | Severe food insecurity | |||||||
| 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2018–2020 | 2019–2021 | 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2018–2020 | 2019–2021 | |
| World | 21.8 | 24.8 | 26.6 | 28.1 | 7.7 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 10.7 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 10.6 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.3 |
| Caucasus | 14.2 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Central Asia | 9.2 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 17.1 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.9 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 11.1 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| EFTA countries | 4.8 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 7.7 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| Other | 27.1 | 27.2 | 30.3 | 35.6 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 7.5 |
| Western Balkans | 16.0 | 16.1 | 15.9 | 17.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.5 |
| Albania | 38.8 | 37.1 | 33.8 | 30.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 7.7 |
| Andorra | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Armenia | n.a. | 14.8 | 12.7 | 10.7 | n.a. | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Austria | 5.5 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.3 |
| Azerbaijan | 5.9 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 9.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 |
| Belarus | ||||||||
| Belgium | n.a. | n.a. | 3.7 | 4.8 | n.a. | n.a. | 1.1 | 1.3 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 9.6 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 12.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
| Bulgaria | 14.9 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 15.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.9 |
| Croatia | 6.5 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 11.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
| Cyprus | ||||||||
| Czechia | 5.8 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 0.7 | <0.5 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
| Denmark | 5.9 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
| Estonia | 9.5 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Finland | 9.3 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 8.8 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.4 |
| France | 6.8 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| Georgia | 31.8 | 38.3 | 39.7 | 38.8 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 9.5 | 9.5 |
| Germany | 4.1 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| Greece | 15.8 | 13.3 | 8.6 | 6.8 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
| Hungary | 11.3 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 10.6 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
| Iceland | 6.4 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| Ireland | 8.9 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 6.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 3.2 |
| Israel | 11.0 | 12.9 | 13.7 | 14.2 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Italy | 8.6 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.9 |
| Kazakhstan | n.a. | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.7 | n.a. | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 |
| Kyrgyzstan | n.a. | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.6 | n.a. | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| Latvia | 9.9 | 9.5 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Lithuania | 15.3 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.9 |
| Luxembourg | 4.7 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| Malta | 5.9 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.4 |
| Montenegro | 12.6 | 12.9 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 3.4 |
| Netherlands | 5.7 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| North Macedonia | 15.1 | 14.4 | 17.7 | 20.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 6.0 |
| Norway | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Poland | 8.9 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 7.4 | 1.8 | <0.5 | <0.5 | 0.9 |
| Portugal | 14.7 | 10.7 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
| Republic of Moldova | 19.3 | 27.5 | 27.2 | 24.9 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.9 |
| Romania | 19.3 | 14.5 | 13.9 | 13.4 | 5.6 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.7 |
| Russian Federation | 8.2 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 0.7 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 |
| Serbia | 11.4 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 14.1 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 3.8 |
| Slovakia | 6.2 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.7 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 |
| Slovenia | 12.3 | 10.2 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 0.9 | <0.5 | <0.5 | 0.6 |
| Spain | 7.1 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.0 |
| Sweden | 4.5 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Switzerland | 4.8 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.7 | <0.5 | <0.5 |
| Tajikistan | ||||||||
| Türkiye | ||||||||
| Turkmenistan | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Ukraine | 19.8 | 18.3 | 19.9 | 22.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 3.2 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 6.3 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
| Uzbekistan | 11.2 | 17.2 | 19.7 | 23.5 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 5.6 |
Note: n.a. = data not available.
Source: FAO. 2022. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAO. Rome. Cited November 2022. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
Source: FAO. 2022. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAO. Rome. Cited November 2022. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
TABLE A-4.
Number of food insecure people (millions)
| Moderately or severely food insecure | Severely food insecure | |||||||
| 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2018–2020 | 2019–2021 | 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2018–2020 | 2019–2021 | |
| World | 1 609.1 | 1 888.9 | 2 053.0 | 2 187.4 | 569.3 | 675.4 | 751.5 | 830.2 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 97.2 | 93.7 | 96.1 | 104.2 | 17.1 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 21.1 |
| Caucasus | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Central Asia | 6.3 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 12.7 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.9 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 22.6 | 20.6 | 19.7 | 19.9 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
| EFTA countries | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 |
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 39.0 | 32.4 | 31.5 | 32.1 | 8.3 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 7.8 |
| Other | 23.5 | 24.7 | 27.9 | 33.2 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 6.9 |
| Western Balkans | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| Albania | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Andorra | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Armenia | n.a. | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | n.a. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Austria | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 |
| Azerbaijan | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Belarus | ||||||||
| Belgium | n.a. | n.a. | 0.4 | 0.6 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Bulgaria | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Croatia | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Cyprus | ||||||||
| Czechia | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.2 |
| Denmark | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Estonia | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Finland | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| France | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| Georgia | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Germany | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| Greece | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Hungary | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Iceland | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Ireland | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Israel | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Italy | 5.2 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| Kazakhstan | n.a. | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | n.a. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Kyrgyzstan | n.a. | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | n.a. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Latvia | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Lithuania | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Luxembourg | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Malta | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Montenegro | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Netherlands | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| North Macedonia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Norway | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Poland | 3.4 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Portugal | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Republic of Moldova | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | <0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Romania | 3.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Russian Federation | 11.9 | 10.3 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Serbia | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Slovakia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Slovenia | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Spain | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Sweden | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Switzerland | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Tajikistan | ||||||||
| Türkiye | ||||||||
| Turkmenistan | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Ukraine | 8.9 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 9.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 4.1 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Uzbekistan | 3.5 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 7.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.9 |
Note: n.a. = data not available.
Source: FAO. 2022. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAO. Rome. Cited November 2022. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
Source: FAO. 2022. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAO. Rome. Cited November 2022. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
TABLE A-5.
Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| World | 33.1 | 30.7 | 27.7 | 24.4 | 22.9 | 22.4 | 22.0 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 14.2 | 11.8 | 10.2 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 7.3 |
| Caucasus | 21.5 | 20.6 | 16.2 | 14.0 | 13.4 | 13.2 | 13.1 |
| Central Asia | 29.0 | 22.3 | 17.1 | 12.8 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 10.0 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 18.9 | 17.4 | 16.1 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 14.3 | 13.1 |
| EFTA countries | |||||||
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 |
| Other | |||||||
| Western Balkans | 14.9 | 12.9 | 9.9 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 6.8 |
| Albania | 29.7 | 27.5 | 20.3 | 14.3 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 9.6 |
| Armenia | 17.7 | 19.3 | 15.6 | 12.0 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 9.1 |
| Azerbaijan | 24.3 | 23.1 | 18.4 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 16.3 |
| Belarus | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
| Belgium | 4.0 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 12.7 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 |
| Bulgaria | 10.0 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.4 |
| Czechia | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Estonia | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Georgia | 16.2 | 14.3 | 10.3 | 7.6 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.7 |
| Germany | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Greece | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| Kazakhstan | 17.7 | 15.3 | 12.3 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 6.7 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 29.9 | 23.1 | 17.7 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 11.7 | 11.4 |
| Montenegro | 8.7 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| Netherlands | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| North Macedonia | 8.8 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.1 |
| Poland | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Portugal | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 |
| Republic of Moldova | 12.3 | 9.9 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
| Romania | 13.7 | 12.7 | 11.1 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.7 |
| Serbia | 9.7 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.3 |
| Tajikistan | 41.6 | 36.9 | 29.5 | 21.2 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 15.3 |
| Turkmenistan | 27.4 | 20.4 | 14.7 | 10.4 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 7.6 |
| Ukraine | 22.4 | 20.8 | 19.2 | 18.9 | 18.3 | 17.5 | 15.9 |
| Uzbekistan | 29.5 | 21.0 | 15.8 | 12.1 | 10.7 | 10.3 | 9.9 |
Source: UNICEF, WHO & World Bank. 2021. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition. UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. Key findings of the 2021 edition. https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-report-2021
TABLE A-6.
Prevalence of wasting among children under 5 (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| World | 6.7 | ||||||
| Europe and Central Asia | 1.9 | ||||||
| Caucasus | 2.3 | ||||||
| Central Asia | 2.3 | ||||||
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | |||||||
| EFTA countries | |||||||
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 0.7 | ||||||
| Other | 1.7 | ||||||
| Western Balkans | 2.5 | ||||||
| Albania | 12.2 | 7.3 | |||||
| Armenia | 2.5 | 5.4 | 4.1 | ||||
| Azerbaijan | 9.0 | ||||||
| Belarus | 2.2 | ||||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 7.4 | ||||||
| Georgia | 3.0 | 0.6 | |||||
| Kazakhstan | 4.1 | 3.1 | |||||
| Kyrgyzstan | 2.0 | ||||||
| Montenegro | 4.2 | 2.2 | |||||
| North Macedonia | 3.4 | 3.4 | |||||
| Republic of Moldova | 5.8 | ||||||
| Romania | 4.3 | ||||||
| Serbia | 4.5 | 3.5 | 2.6 | ||||
| Tajikistan | 9.4 | 8.7 | |||||
| Türkiye | 1.7 | ||||||
| Turkmenistan | 7.1 | 4.2 | 4.1 | ||||
| Ukraine | 8.2 |
Source: UNICEF, WHO & World Bank. 2021. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition. UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. Key findings of the 2021 edition. https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-report-2021
TABLE A-7.
Prevalence of overweight among children under 5 (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| World | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 9.0 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.1 |
| Caucasus | 10.2 | 12.9 | 13.1 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.3 |
| Central Asia | 9.6 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.6 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 19.7 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 14.4 |
| EFTA countries | |||||||
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Other | |||||||
| Western Balkans | 15.2 | 19.3 | 18.5 | 14.4 | 12.5 | 12.1 | 11.8 |
| Albania | 18.7 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 18.3 | 15.7 | 15.1 | 14.6 |
| Armenia | 12.3 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 12.6 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.8 |
| Azerbaijan | 7.3 | 9.9 | 11.3 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.4 |
| Belarus | 8.4 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.8 |
| Belgium | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 16.4 | 21.4 | 20.6 | 15.7 | 13.6 | 13.2 | 12.8 |
| Bulgaria | 8.6 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Czechia | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.6 |
| Estonia | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 |
| Georgia | 16.8 | 19.2 | 16.0 | 10.5 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.6 |
| Germany | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| Greece | 10.7 | 12.5 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 13.9 |
| Kazakhstan | 8.1 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 8.8 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 7.9 | 9.2 | 8.4 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
| Montenegro | 13.7 | 17.4 | 16.7 | 12.6 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 10.2 |
| Netherlands | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 |
| North Macedonia | 11.3 | 14.6 | 14.4 | 11.5 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.0 |
| Poland | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.7 |
| Portugal | 5.6 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
| Republic of Moldova | 6.8 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
| Romania | 8.9 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.7 |
| Serbia | 13.7 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 13.0 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.8 |
| Tajikistan | 6.6 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
| Turkmenistan | 4.9 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Ukraine | 23.1 | 28.8 | 27.9 | 21.4 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 17.0 |
| Uzbekistan | 12.2 | 12.9 | 10.1 | 6.6 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.0 |
Source: UNICEF, WHO & World Bank. 2021. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition. UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. Key findings of the 2021 edition. https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-report-2021
TABLE A-8.
Prevalence of anaemia among women aged 15 to 49 years (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
| World | 31.2 | 29.9 | 28.6 | 28.8 | 29.3 | 29.6 | 29.9 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 17.4 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 16.3 | 16.8 | 17.1 | 17.4 |
| Caucasus | 34.3 | 33.0 | 30.5 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 30.1 | 30.4 |
| Central Asia | 40.4 | 35.0 | 29.9 | 28.0 | 27.9 | 28.0 | 28.1 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 20.2 | 19.6 | 18.8 | 19.1 | 19.7 | 20.0 | 20.4 |
| EFTA countries | 10.3 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 11.2 | 11.5 |
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 12.3 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 12.9 | 13.2 | 13.5 |
| Other | 12.8 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.9 |
| Western Balkans | 23.4 | 22.3 | 21.3 | 21.8 | 22.3 | 22.5 | 22.8 |
| Albania | 26.2 | 23.5 | 21.1 | 22.9 | 24.2 | 24.5 | 24.8 |
| Armenia | 20.4 | 20.0 | 18.0 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.3 |
| Austria | 11.7 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 13.0 |
| Azerbaijan | 41.0 | 39.2 | 35.4 | 34.6 | 34.7 | 34.8 | 35.1 |
| Belarus | 21.9 | 21.0 | 19.1 | 19.5 | 20.1 | 20.3 | 20.6 |
| Belgium | 11.2 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 13.2 | 13.6 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 25.3 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 23.8 | 23.9 | 24.1 | 24.4 |
| Bulgaria | 22.9 | 23.5 | 22.6 | 22.8 | 23.1 | 23.4 | 23.6 |
| Croatia | 21.3 | 20.8 | 20.4 | 20.5 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 21.0 |
| Cyprus | 12.4 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 13.2 | 13.6 |
| Czechia | 19.9 | 19.3 | 19.6 | 20.5 | 20.8 | 20.9 | 21.1 |
| Denmark | 12.2 | 11.6 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.2 |
| Estonia | 21.7 | 20.9 | 20.5 | 21.2 | 21.3 | 21.5 | 21.7 |
| Finland | 10.5 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 10.9 |
| France | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 10.6 |
| Georgia | 31.5 | 28.9 | 27.4 | 26.8 | 26.9 | 27.2 | 27.5 |
| Germany | 9.9 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 11.7 |
| Greece | 13.0 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 14.3 | 14.7 | 15.1 |
| Hungary | 19.3 | 18.9 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 19.4 | 19.5 | 19.7 |
| Iceland | 10.2 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 10.1 | 10.3 |
| Ireland | 11.0 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 12.1 |
| Israel | 12.8 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.9 |
| Italy | 12.0 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.0 | 13.3 | 13.6 |
| Kazakhstan | 34.9 | 30.8 | 27.5 | 27.7 | 28.2 | 28.4 | 28.7 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 36.6 | 35.4 | 34.2 | 34.8 | 35.2 | 35.5 | 35.8 |
| Latvia | 23.9 | 21.7 | 20.7 | 21.2 | 21.3 | 21.4 | 21.6 |
| Lithuania | 22.2 | 19.5 | 18.5 | 19.1 | 19.4 | 19.6 | 19.9 |
| Luxembourg | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 10.2 |
| Malta | 13.7 | 12.6 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 13.3 | 13.7 |
| Montenegro | 16.5 | 16.2 | 16.0 | 16.3 | 16.7 | 16.9 | 17.2 |
| Netherlands | 10.6 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 12.5 | 12.8 |
| North Macedonia | 15.8 | 16.4 | 16.8 | 17.9 | 18.5 | 18.9 | 19.3 |
| Norway | 11.6 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 11.0 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 12.0 |
| Portugal | 13.0 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 13.0 | 13.2 |
| Republic of Moldova | 29.0 | 26.9 | 26.0 | 25.9 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 26.1 |
| Romania | 23.4 | 22.3 | 22.1 | 22.0 | 22.1 | 22.3 | 22.7 |
| Russian Federation | 22.1 | 21.3 | 20.2 | 20.1 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 21.1 |
| Serbia | 23.9 | 22.8 | 21.9 | 22.0 | 22.4 | 22.6 | 22.8 |
| Slovakia | 22.4 | 22.1 | 22.0 | 22.9 | 23.2 | 23.3 | 23.5 |
| Slovenia | 20.3 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 20.6 | 21.1 | 21.4 | 21.8 |
| Spain | 11.5 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 13.4 |
| Sweden | 12.6 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 12.2 | 12.8 | 13.2 | 13.6 |
| Switzerland | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 11.0 | 11.3 |
| Tajikistan | 39.2 | 34.4 | 31.2 | 32.0 | 33.8 | 34.5 | 35.2 |
| Turkmenistan | 32.7 | 28.7 | 25.5 | 25.4 | 25.9 | 26.2 | 26.6 |
| Ukraine | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 15.5 | 16.5 | 17.1 | 17.7 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 9.4 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 11.1 |
| Uzbekistan | 46.5 | 38.6 | 31.0 | 26.3 | 25.3 | 25.0 | 24.8 |
Source: WHO. 2021. Global anaemia estimates, Edition 2021. In: Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository. Geneva, Switzerland. Cited 25 May 2021. www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-anaemia-in-women-of-reproductive-age-(-)
TABLE A-9.
Prevalence of obesity among adults (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
| World | 8.7 | 9.9 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 13.1 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 17.2 | 19.0 | 20.8 | 22.0 | 22.4 | 22.9 | 23.3 |
| Caucasus | 13.2 | 15.0 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.3 | 19.8 | 20.4 |
| Central Asia | 11.0 | 12.6 | 14.7 | 16.1 | 16.6 | 17.1 | 17.7 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 19.0 | 20.2 | 21.5 | 22.4 | 22.7 | 23.0 | 23.3 |
| EFTA countries | 14.7 | 16.5 | 18.5 | 19.7 | 20.0 | 20.4 | 20.9 |
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 16.7 | 18.5 | 20.5 | 21.7 | 22.1 | 22.5 | 22.9 |
| Other | 22.1 | 24.9 | 27.8 | 29.7 | 30.3 | 31.0 | 31.5 |
| Western Balkans | 14.7 | 16.4 | 18.4 | 19.6 | 20.1 | 20.5 | 20.9 |
| Albania | 13.2 | 15.4 | 18.2 | 19.9 | 20.5 | 21.1 | 21.7 |
| Armenia | 14.2 | 15.7 | 17.5 | 18.8 | 19.2 | 19.7 | 20.2 |
| Austria | 14.0 | 15.8 | 17.6 | 18.8 | 19.2 | 19.7 | 20.1 |
| Azerbaijan | 12.5 | 14.3 | 16.6 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 19.3 | 19.9 |
| Belarus | 18.8 | 20.5 | 22.3 | 23.4 | 23.7 | 24.1 | 24.5 |
| Belgium | 17.0 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 21.0 | 21.4 | 21.7 | 22.1 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 12.6 | 14.0 | 15.6 | 16.7 | 17.1 | 17.5 | 17.9 |
| Bulgaria | 18.6 | 20.4 | 22.4 | 23.7 | 24.1 | 24.5 | 25.0 |
| Croatia | 17.5 | 19.4 | 21.6 | 22.9 | 23.4 | 23.9 | 24.4 |
| Cyprus | 16.4 | 18.2 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 21.1 | 21.4 | 21.8 |
| Czechia | 21.0 | 22.3 | 23.9 | 24.9 | 25.2 | 25.6 | 26.0 |
| Denmark | 14.0 | 15.7 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 18.9 | 19.3 | 19.7 |
| Estonia | 17.4 | 18.4 | 19.6 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.9 | 21.2 |
| Finland | 16.4 | 18.2 | 20.0 | 21.1 | 21.4 | 21.8 | 22.2 |
| France | 15.8 | 17.6 | 19.3 | 20.4 | 20.8 | 21.2 | 21.6 |
| Georgia | 13.7 | 15.7 | 18.2 | 19.9 | 20.5 | 21.1 | 21.7 |
| Germany | 16.3 | 18.0 | 19.9 | 21.1 | 21.5 | 21.9 | 22.3 |
| Greece | 18.5 | 20.4 | 22.4 | 23.6 | 24.0 | 24.4 | 24.9 |
| Hungary | 19.6 | 21.3 | 23.5 | 25.0 | 25.4 | 25.9 | 26.4 |
| Iceland | 16.0 | 17.8 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 21.1 | 21.5 | 21.9 |
| Ireland | 16.0 | 18.7 | 21.6 | 23.4 | 24.0 | 24.7 | 25.3 |
| Israel | 21.1 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 25.1 | 25.5 | 25.8 | 26.1 |
| Italy | 15.0 | 16.5 | 18.1 | 19.0 | 19.3 | 19.6 | 19.9 |
| Kazakhstan | 14.0 | 15.9 | 18.0 | 19.5 | 20.0 | 20.5 | 21.0 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 9.6 | 11.3 | 13.4 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 16.6 |
| Latvia | 19.3 | 20.5 | 21.8 | 22.7 | 23.0 | 23.3 | 23.6 |
| Lithuania | 21.6 | 22.9 | 24.4 | 25.3 | 25.6 | 26.0 | 26.3 |
| Luxembourg | 15.8 | 17.9 | 20.0 | 21.3 | 21.7 | 22.2 | 22.6 |
| Malta | 23.1 | 25.0 | 26.8 | 27.8 | 28.2 | 28.5 | 28.9 |
| Montenegro | 16.2 | 18.6 | 20.8 | 22.0 | 22.4 | 22.8 | 23.3 |
| Netherlands | 13.0 | 15.4 | 17.7 | 19.1 | 19.5 | 20.0 | 20.4 |
| North Macedonia | 17.1 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 21.2 | 21.6 | 22.0 | 22.4 |
| Norway | 16.0 | 18.2 | 20.4 | 21.7 | 22.2 | 22.6 | 23.1 |
| Poland | 17.5 | 19.1 | 20.8 | 21.9 | 22.3 | 22.7 | 23.1 |
| Portugal | 13.7 | 15.9 | 18.1 | 19.5 | 19.9 | 20.4 | 20.8 |
| Republic of Moldova | 14.2 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 17.8 | 18.2 | 18.5 | 18.9 |
| Romania | 16.2 | 17.8 | 19.8 | 21.1 | 21.6 | 22.1 | 22.5 |
| Russian Federation | 19.0 | 20.2 | 21.4 | 22.2 | 22.5 | 22.8 | 23.1 |
| Serbia | 15.5 | 17.3 | 19.2 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 21.1 | 21.5 |
| Slovakia | 15.5 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.4 | 19.8 | 20.1 | 20.5 |
| Slovenia | 15.1 | 16.5 | 18.1 | 19.1 | 19.5 | 19.8 | 20.2 |
| Spain | 18.3 | 20.0 | 21.7 | 22.7 | 23.1 | 23.4 | 23.8 |
| Sweden | 14.6 | 16.3 | 18.2 | 19.4 | 19.8 | 20.2 | 20.6 |
| Switzerland | 13.9 | 15.5 | 17.3 | 18.4 | 18.7 | 19.1 | 19.5 |
| Tajikistan | 8.0 | 9.4 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.2 | 13.7 | 14.2 |
| Türkiye | 22.2 | 25.1 | 28.2 | 30.2 | 30.8 | 31.5 | 32.1 |
| Turkmenistan | 11.0 | 12.9 | 15.3 | 16.9 | 17.4 | 18.0 | 18.6 |
| Ukraine | 19.1 | 20.5 | 22.0 | 23.0 | 23.4 | 23.7 | 24.1 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 18.6 | 21.4 | 24.2 | 26.0 | 26.6 | 27.2 | 27.8 |
| Uzbekistan | 9.8 | 11.4 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 15.4 | 16.0 | 16.6 |
Source: WHO. 2020. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository. In: World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland. Cited 28 April 2020. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A900A?lang=en
TABLE A-10.
Prevalence of obesity among adults by sex (percent)
| Male | Female | |||
| 2000 | 2016 | 2000 | 2016 | |
| Europe and Central Asia | 14.3 | 21.8 | 17.7 | 22.6 |
| Caucasus | 10.3 | 17.4 | 16.1 | 23.5 |
| Central Asia | 8.3 | 14.8 | 12.3 | 19.6 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 12.9 | 19.6 | 21.8 | 25.0 |
| EFTA countries | 12.9 | 19.6 | 21.8 | 25.0 |
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 15.7 | 23.4 | 18.0 | 22.4 |
| Other | 17.9 | 25.4 | 25.4 | 30.2 |
| Western Balkans | 13.3 | 21.1 | 16.4 | 21.4 |
| Albania | 11.7 | 21.6 | 14.7 | 21.8 |
| Andorra | 20.6 | 25.9 | 23.8 | 25.3 |
| Armenia | 10.9 | 17.1 | 16.8 | 23.0 |
| Austria | 14.3 | 21.9 | 13.5 | 18.3 |
| Azerbaijan | 9.0 | 15.8 | 15.6 | 23.6 |
| Belarus | 14.3 | 22.1 | 22.4 | 26.3 |
| Belgium | 16.3 | 23.1 | 17.5 | 21.0 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10.8 | 17.1 | 14.0 | 18.4 |
| Bulgaria | 17.1 | 25.5 | 19.8 | 24.3 |
| Croatia | 15.7 | 24.1 | 19.0 | 24.5 |
| Cyprus | 15.0 | 21.9 | 17.7 | 21.6 |
| Czechia | 19.4 | 26.4 | 22.3 | 25.4 |
| Denmark | 14.8 | 22.3 | 13.2 | 17.0 |
| Estonia | 14.3 | 20.3 | 19.6 | 21.8 |
| Finland | 16.4 | 23.7 | 16.1 | 20.6 |
| France | 14.8 | 22.0 | 16.7 | 21.1 |
| Georgia | 11.1 | 19.2 | 15.9 | 23.8 |
| Germany | 16.5 | 24.2 | 15.8 | 20.4 |
| Greece | 16.0 | 24.2 | 20.8 | 25.4 |
| Hungary | 19.1 | 28.2 | 19.8 | 24.6 |
| Iceland | 16.4 | 24.2 | 15.7 | 19.4 |
| Ireland | 15.4 | 25.1 | 16.5 | 25.5 |
| Israel | 18.8 | 25.9 | 23.1 | 26.2 |
| Italy | 14.0 | 20.1 | 15.9 | 19.5 |
| Kazakhstan | 11.7 | 18.9 | 15.7 | 22.7 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 7.6 | 14.0 | 11.3 | 18.6 |
| Latvia | 15.0 | 21.6 | 22.6 | 25.1 |
| Lithuania | 17.3 | 24.2 | 25.1 | 27.8 |
| Luxembourg | 15.9 | 24.5 | 15.7 | 20.7 |
| Malta | 21.2 | 29.2 | 24.8 | 28.5 |
| Montenegro | 14.5 | 23.3 | 17.6 | 23.1 |
| Netherlands | 12.0 | 20.8 | 13.9 | 20.0 |
| North Macedonia | 15.7 | 22.6 | 18.4 | 22.1 |
| Norway | 15.0 | 23.6 | 16.8 | 22.5 |
| Poland | 16.0 | 23.7 | 18.6 | 22.2 |
| Portugal | 12.0 | 20.3 | 15.1 | 21.2 |
| Republic of Moldova | 10.3 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 21.1 |
| Romania | 15.0 | 23.4 | 17.2 | 21.6 |
| Russian Federation | 12.0 | 18.1 | 24.6 | 26.9 |
| Serbia | 13.7 | 21.1 | 17.1 | 21.8 |
| Slovakia | 14.4 | 21.0 | 16.3 | 19.9 |
| Slovenia | 13.0 | 19.4 | 16.9 | 21.0 |
| Spain | 17.3 | 24.6 | 19.1 | 22.8 |
| Sweden | 15.2 | 23.1 | 13.9 | 18.1 |
| Switzerland | 14.8 | 22.2 | 12.8 | 16.9 |
| Tajikistan | 6.1 | 11.6 | 9.7 | 16.7 |
| Türkiye | 14.4 | 24.4 | 29.2 | 39.2 |
| Turkmenistan | 8.6 | 15.9 | 13.0 | 20.9 |
| Ukraine | 14.8 | 22.0 | 22.5 | 25.7 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 17.1 | 26.9 | 20.1 | 28.6 |
| Uzbekistan | 7.6 | 13.8 | 11.6 | 19 |
Source: WHO. 2020. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository. In: World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland. Cited 28 April 2020. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A900A?lang=en
TABLE A-11.
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0–5 months of age (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| World | 37.1 | 43.8 | |||||
| Europe and Central Asia | n.a. | n.a. | |||||
| Caucasus | 24.1 | 31.1 | |||||
| Central Asia | 29.2 | 44.6 | |||||
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 20.7 | 21.7 | |||||
| EFTA countries | n.a. | n.a. | |||||
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | n.a. | n.a. | |||||
| Other | 41.6 | 40.7 | |||||
| Western Balkans | 20.2 | 26.7 | |||||
| Albania | 6.3 | 3.4 | |||||
| Armenia | 29.5 | 32.5 | 34.1 | ||||
| Azerbaijan | 6.5 | ||||||
| Belarus | 10.3 | 19.0 | 21.7 | ||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 18.2 | ||||||
| Georgia | 11.8 | ||||||
| Kazakhstan | 31.8 | 37.8 | |||||
| Kyrgyzstan | 56.0 | ||||||
| Montenegro | 19.3 | ||||||
| North Macedonia | 16.2 | 27.5 | |||||
| Republic of Moldova | 43.6 | 36.4 | |||||
| Serbia | 14.5 | 13.4 | 23.6 | ||||
| Tajikistan | 14.2 | 24.9 | 32.6 | ||||
| Turkmenistan | 12.1 | 58.3 | 56.5 | ||||
| Ukraine | 6.0 | 19.7 | |||||
| Uzbekistan | 13.4 |
Source: UNICEF. 2021. Infant and young child feeding. In: UNICEF. New York, USA. Cited 6 April 2022. https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/infant-and-young-child-feeding
TABLE A-12.
Prevalence of low birthweight (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
| World | 17.5 | 16.4 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 14.6 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 7.0 | 6.9 | |||||
| Caucasus | 6.7 | 7.3 | |||||
| Central Asia | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 5.8 | 5.7 | |||||
| EFTA countries | 5.7 | 5.6 | |||||
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 7.0 | 7.0 | |||||
| Other | 11.2 | 11.0 | |||||
| Western Balkans | 4.9 | 5.0 | |||||
| Albania | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Armenia | 8.2 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 9.0 |
| Austria | 6.4 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
| Azerbaijan | 6.5 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.3 |
| Belarus | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 |
| Belgium | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.3 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
| Bulgaria | 8.6 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 |
| Croatia | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 |
| Czechia | 5.8 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 |
| Denmark | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
| Estonia | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
| Finland | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 |
| France | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 |
| Georgia | 6.1 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.1 |
| Germany | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.6 |
| Greece | 9.0 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.7 |
| Hungary | 8.6 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.8 |
| Iceland | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.2 |
| Ireland | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.9 |
| Israel | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.8 |
| Italy | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Kazakhstan | 6.1 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.4 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Latvia | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Lithuania | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Luxembourg | 6.6 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.5 |
| Malta | 5.9 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.3 |
| Montenegro | 5.3 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 |
| Netherlands | 7.1 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 |
| North Macedonia | 8.9 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.1 |
| Norway | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 |
| Poland | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
| Portugal | 7.4 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.9 |
| Republic of Moldova | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Romania | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 |
| Russian Federation | 7.4 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.8 |
| Serbia | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Slovakia | 6.8 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 7.6 |
| Slovenia | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 |
| Spain | 7.0 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| Sweden | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
| Switzerland | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Tajikistan | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| Türkiye | 12.9 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.4 | 11.4 |
| Turkmenistan | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 |
| Ukraine | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 |
| Uzbekistan | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
Source: UNICEF & WHO. 2019. UNICEF-WHO joint low birthweight estimates. In: United Nations Children’s Fund. New York, USA and Geneva, Switzerland. Cited 28 April 2020. www.unicef.org/reports/UNICEF-WHO-low-birthweight-estimates-2019
TABLE A-13.
Affordability of a healthy diet
| Number of people unable to afford a healthy diet (million) | Percentage of people unable to afford a healthy diet (percent) | |||||||
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| World | 3 049.1 | 2 973.8 | 2 961.9 | 3 074.2 | 42.9 | 41.5 | 40.9 | 42.0 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 32.8 | 29.0 | 29.5 | 30.4 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
| Caucasus | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.9 | 9.7 |
| Central Asia | 7.6 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 22.9 | 20.3 | 20.5 | 21.5 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 6.0 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 3.4 |
| EFTA countries | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 8.4 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| Other | 5.7 | 5.7 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 8.1 | 7.5 |
| Western Balkans | 3.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 24.1 | 15.6 | 14.5 | 14.6 |
| Albania | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 37.8 | 27.9 | 19.8 | 20.1 |
| Armenia | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 40.9 | 41.7 | 43.6 | 42.9 |
| Austria | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Azerbaijan | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Belarus | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Belgium | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
| Bulgaria | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 11.3 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 8.5 |
| Croatia | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 7.2 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 3.8 |
| Czechia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Denmark | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Estonia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Finland | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| France | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Germany | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Greece | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
| Hungary | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Iceland | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Ireland | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Israel | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Italy | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
| Kazakhstan | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 56.6 | 47.5 | 45.3 | 49.6 |
| Latvia | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| Lithuania | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Luxembourg | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Malta | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Montenegro | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 17.4 | 18.1 | 17.8 | 17.5 |
| Netherlands | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| North Macedonia | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 21.8 | 18.8 | 17.5 | 18.0 |
| Norway | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Poland | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
| Portugal | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Republic of Moldova | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 5.8 | 6.7 |
| Romania | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 11.9 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 8.8 |
| Russian Federation | 5.7 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.5 |
| Serbia | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 29.0 | 14.9 | 16.3 | 16.3 |
| Slovakia | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Slovenia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Spain | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Sweden | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Switzerland | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Tajikistan | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 42.9 | 40.1 | 42.0 | 42.1 |
| Türkiye | 5.6 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 8.9 | 8.2 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Source: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP & WHO. 2022. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639en
TABLE A-14.
Cost of a healthy diet (USD per person per day)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| World | 3,314 | 3,350 | 3,425 | 3,537 |
| Europe and Central Asia | 2,955 | 3,018 | 3,038 | 3,139 |
| Caucasus | 2,722 | 2,782 | 2,848 | 2,890 |
| Central Asia | 2,796 | 2,826 | 2,987 | 3,106 |
| CIS Europe and Ukraine | 2,929 | 2,999 | 3,087 | 3,181 |
| EFTA countries | 2,687 | 2,757 | 2,718 | 2,848 |
| EU27 and the United Kingdom | 2,905 | 2,972 | 2,969 | 3,083 |
| Other | 2,655 | 2,748 | 2,759 | 2,760 |
| Western Balkans | 3,717 | 3,763 | 3,806 | 3,872 |
| Albania | 3,952 | 4,051 | 4,117 | 4,197 |
| Armenia | 3,096 | 3,166 | 3,237 | 3,247 |
| Austria | 2,772 | 2,848 | 2,818 | 2,981 |
| Azerbaijan | 2,348 | 2,399 | 2,459 | 2,533 |
| Belarus | 3,177 | 3,228 | 3,310 | 3,310 |
| Belgium | 2,862 | 2,962 | 2,943 | 3,130 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,847 | 3,890 | 3,895 | 3,995 |
| Bulgaria | 3,780 | 3,859 | 3,896 | 4,108 |
| Croatia | 4,168 | 4,202 | 4,111 | 4,277 |
| Czechia | 2,899 | 2,921 | 2,919 | 2,966 |
| Denmark | 2,376 | 2,440 | 2,432 | 2,544 |
| Estonia | 3,125 | 3,188 | 3,170 | 3,308 |
| Finland | 2,545 | 2,624 | 2,611 | 2,712 |
| France | 2,936 | 3,019 | 3,067 | 3,219 |
| Germany | 2,786 | 2,917 | 2,881 | 3,025 |
| Greece | 3,037 | 3,102 | 3,065 | 3,130 |
| Hungary | 3,302 | 3,383 | 3,368 | 3,488 |
| Iceland | 2,213 | 2,247 | 2,234 | 2,414 |
| Ireland | 2,397 | 2,341 | 2,269 | 2,225 |
| Israel | 2,436 | 2,500 | 2,454 | 2,492 |
| Italy | 2,885 | 2,979 | 3,012 | 3,144 |
| Kazakhstan | 2,391 | 2,426 | 2,537 | 2,657 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 2,970 | 2,931 | 2,991 | 3,180 |
| Latvia | 3,124 | 3,130 | 3,132 | 3,240 |
| Lithuania | 3,003 | 3,042 | 3,039 | 3,099 |
| Luxembourg | 2,492 | 2,627 | 2,600 | 2,661 |
| Malta | 3,494 | 3,629 | 3,698 | 3,769 |
| Montenegro | 3,397 | 3,414 | 3,509 | 3,494 |
| Netherlands | 2,743 | 2,821 | 2,844 | 2,991 |
| North Macedonia | 3,318 | 3,310 | 3,336 | 3,427 |
| Norway | 3,325 | 3,432 | 3,356 | 3,471 |
| Poland | 2,909 | 2,986 | 3,038 | 3,170 |
| Portugal | 2,513 | 2,596 | 2,579 | 2,656 |
| Republic of Moldova | 2,460 | 2,571 | 2,687 | 2,814 |
| Romania | 2,921 | 2,957 | 3,010 | 3,191 |
| Russian Federation | 3,149 | 3,197 | 3,264 | 3,420 |
| Serbia | 4,070 | 4,149 | 4,174 | 4,246 |
| Slovakia | 3,013 | 3,102 | 3,105 | 3,150 |
| Slovenia | 2,798 | 2,902 | 2,916 | 3,070 |
| Spain | 2,699 | 2,741 | 2,744 | 2,838 |
| Sweden | 3,086 | 3,164 | 3,154 | 3,339 |
| Switzerland | 2,523 | 2,591 | 2,563 | 2,659 |
| Tajikistan | 3,027 | 3,119 | 3,433 | 3,480 |
| Türkiye | 2,873 | 2,997 | 3,064 | 3,029 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 1,822 | 1,873 | 1,881 | 1,912 |
Source: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP & WHO. 2022. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639en