Table A2.1: Long Description The data in the table is in millions for the year 2020 and can be provided as Country Or Territory; Total Hidden Costs; Environmental cost: Climate, Blue water withdrawal, Land, and Nitrogen; Social cost: Agrifood worker poverty and Burden of disease (undernourishment); and Health cost: Burden of disease (dietary patterns). World: 12748916; 854817, 105126, 392295, and 1515549; 519904 and 51036; and 9310188. Africa: 952500; 153751, 3587, 42535, 57192, 284845, 18693, and 391897. Northern Africa: 213839; 17625, 3343, 474, 19819, 9430, 674, and 162473. Algeria: 32272; 2763, 427, 219, 3321, 120, empty, and 25423. Egypt: 98130; 4964, 2122, empty, 4403, 1587, 244, and 84811. Libya: 12026; 649, 280, empty, 298, 234, 43, and 10521. Morocco: 39400; 2225, 332, 146, 7857, 793, 105, and 27942. Sudan: 20712; 6248, 84, 89, 1533, 6670, 265, and 5823. Tunisia: 11299; 776, 97, 20, 2407, 27, 18, and 7954. Sub-Saharan Africa: 738661; 136126, 244, 42061, 37373, 275414, 18019, and 229423. Eastern Africa: 264926; 45390, 91, 11983, 11906, 138081, 8256, and 49218. Djibouti: 490; 55, 0, empty, 25, 4, 20, and 386. Eritrea: 2114; 327, 31, 118, 207, 851, 61, and 518. Ethiopia: 51033; 10489, 47, 6185, 3201, 24643, 1468, and 5001. Kenya: 26820; 3714, 0, 385, 2069, 7500, 1345, and 11807. Madagascar: 25084; 2155, 2, 598, 880, 18154, 581, and 2713. Malawi: 12807; 1024, 0, 318, 250, 9890, 176, and 1149. Mozambique: 23070; 4363, 1, 78, 635, 15188, 541, and 2264. Rwanda: 5342; 473, 0, 22, 184, 3741, 186, and 737. Somalia: 8168; 2353, 5, 6, 335, 3684, 444, and 1354. South Sudan: 10215; 3764, 0, 464, 106, 5131, 210, and 540. Uganda: 22698; 2972, 0, 343, 902, 15863, 550, and 2067. United Republic of Tanzania: 47471; 7904, 0, 1528, 2396, 19955, 1989, and 13698. Zambia: 16018; 4475, 0, 984, 355, 8492, 174, and 1538. Zimbabwe: 13596; 1323, 5, 967, 362, 4983, 513, and 5445. Middle Africa: 160550; 53474, 0, 20248, 4159, 51130, 3633, and 27906. Angola: 39543; 5035, 0, 18318, 727, 8186, 730, and 6547. Cameroon: 16147; 2875, 0, 69, 982, 2929, 214, and 9077. Central African Republic: 5586; 3068, 0, 153, 198, 1477, 175, and 515. Chad: 12891; 6189, 0, 20, 348, 5051, 372, and 951. Congo: 4696; 746, 0, 223, 133, 1061, 195, and 2337. Democratic Republic of the Congo: 76873; 34960, 0, 990, 1316, 32031, 1865, and 5711.
Table A2.1 (Continued): Long Description The data in the table is in millions for the year 2020 and can be provided as Country Or Territory; Total Hidden Costs; Environmental cost: Climate, Blue water withdrawal, Land, and Nitrogen; Social cost: Agrifood worker poverty and Burden of disease (undernourishment); and Health cost: Burden of disease (dietary patterns). Equatorial Guinea: 1456; 214, 0, 23, 29, 364, 41, and 785. Gabon: 3359; 388, 0, 491, 425, 31, 40, and 1984. Southern Africa: 107298; 9911, 95, 2520, 10821, 3973, 675, and 79302. Botswana: 6106; 2583, 0, 32, 111, 107, 55, and 3282. Eswatini: 1182; 137, 1, 20, 91, 139, 11, and 783. Lesotho: 2292; 102, 0, 182, 75, 331, 111, and 1491. Namibia: 5510; 1198, 0, 1206, 509, 202, 69, and 2326. South Africa: 92208; 5892, 94, 1144, 10035, 3195, 429, and 71420. Western Africa: 205886; 27351, 57, 7311, 10486, 82230, 5455, and 72997. Benin: 6083; 1036, 0, 96, 467, 1191, 121, and 3172. Burkina Faso: 9782; 2011, 0, 187, 541, 5258, 219, and 1566. Cabo Verde: 290; 21, 0, empty, 16, 9, 6, and 239. Côte d'Ivoire: 13402; 2143, 0, 357, 836, 3019, 163, and 6884. Gambia: 733; 123, 0, 33, 30, 319, 26, and 202. Ghana: 18963; 1178, 1, 182, 988, 4186, 110, and 12319. Guinea: 6268; 2038, 0, 868, 552, 1800, 92, and 919. Guinea Bissau: 1442; 229, 0, 633, 40, 327, 33, and 181. Liberia: 2798; 782, 0, 549, 81, 855, 101, and 429. Mali: 11043; 2436, 16, 47, 873, 6209, 123, and 1339. Mauritania: 2598; 708, 2, 136, 223, 241, 63, and 1224. Niger: 14024; 2277, 6, 275, 827, 9243, 336, and 1059. Nigeria: 105132; 10343, 30, 3659, 4105, 45304, 3662, and 38030. Senegal: 7608; 1236, 2, 213, 575, 1225, 201, and 4154. Sierra Leone: 3126; 428, 0, 44, 186, 1736, 127, and 605. Togo: 2594; 363, 0, 32, 145, 1307, 72, and 675. America: 978006; 219979, 11474, 149230, 368241, 12251, 5247, and 2211584. Latin America and the Caribbean: 267181; 151854, 5452, 21202, 295187, 12085, 5247, and 776155. Caribbean: 56433; 2985, 83, 74, 6418, 1768, 972, and 44133. Cuba: 22027; 1107, 70, 33, 2239, 146, empty, and 18432. Dominican Republic: 19574; 1082, 11, 30, 3196, 47, 80, and 15127. Haiti: 9173; 500, 1, 13, 391, 1524, 870, and 5874. Jamaica: 5660; 296, 0, 2, 593, 51, 22, and 4700. Central America: 316250; 18664, 1471, 3734, 60200, 3969, 1551, and 226660. Costa Rica: 8599; 412, 1, 170, 3042, 46, 19, and 4909.
Table A2.1 (Continued1): Long Description The data in the table is in millions for the year 2020 and can be provided as Country Or Territory; Total Hidden Costs; Environmental cost: Climate, Blue water withdrawal, Land, and Nitrogen; Social cost: Agrifood worker poverty and Burden of disease (undernourishment); and Health cost: Burden of disease (dietary patterns). El Salvador: 5023; 348, 0, 154, 995, 73, 28, and 3425. Guatemala: 23381; 1237, 2, 287, 5963, 945, 361, and 14588. Honduras: 10706; 990, 0, 233, 4237, 792, 111, and 4342. Mexico: 249713; 13122, 1468, 2672, 42231, 1886, 896, and 187437. Nicaragua: 7662; 1935, 0, 62, 2419, 210, 75, and 2962. Panama: 11166; 621, 0, 155, 1313, 19, 61, and 8998. South America: 894499; 130204, 3898, 17395, 228569, 6347, 2724, and 505361. Argentina: 80306; 13886, 266, 4959, 6027, 75, 138, and 54955. Bolivia (Plurinational State of): 15801; 6100, 63, 2162, 1423, 207, 76, and 5769. Brazil: 503069; 75334, 31, 6469, 149018, 1255, 969, and 269993. Chile: 52406; 1712, 1565, 483, 2532, 41, 87, and 46952. Colombia: 93118; 9932, 11, 668, 34678, 2281, 465, and 45082. Ecuador: 30284; 2804, 28, 203, 7206, 680, 299, and 19469. Guyana: 3160; 839, 2, 410, 250, 14, 5, and 1641. Paraguay: 15897; 4687, 0, 2681, 970, 32, 66, and 7461. Peru: 51872; 7225, 1686, 146, 19019, 1307, 311, and 22179. Suriname: 1732; 549, 0, 4, 65, 6, 5, and 1104. Uruguay: 15013; 1738, 1, 29, 2639, 2, empty, and 10604. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of): 31840; 5397, 244, 551, 4742, 448, 304, and 20153. Northern America: 1710825; 68126, 6021, 128028, 73054, 166, empty, and 1435429. Canada: 134356; 14983, 3, 13097, 10839, 3, empty, and 95431. United States of America: 1576469; 53142, 6018, 114931, 62215, 164, empty, and 1339998. Asia: 5857373; 355716, 84389, 59423, 815020, 222209, 26913, and 4293704. Central Asia: 115935; 9456, 4818, 2766, 4985, 937, 86, and 92888. Kazakhstan: 42384; 3387, 243, 1, 1795, 6, empty, and 36953. Kyrgyzstan: 5551; 495, 513, 31, 388, 137, 17, and 3970. Tajikistan: 7640; 528, 590, 18, 778, 399, 47, and 5281. Turkmenistan: 14961; 1230, 524, 144, 405, 56, 22, and 12579. Uzbekistan: 45399; 3816, 2948, 2575, 1617, 338, empty, and 34104. Eastern Asia: 2937060; 121526, 17128, 7037, 398721, 3387, 6, and 2389255. China: 2555424; 103937, 8729, 5624, 382139, 3289, empty, and 2051706. Japan: 267867; 9503, 7385, 921, 8549, 68, empty, and 241441.
Table A2.1 (Continued2): Long Description The data in the table is in millions for the year 2020 and can be provided as Country Or Territory; Total Hidden Costs; Environmental cost: Climate, Blue water withdrawal, Land, and Nitrogen; Social cost: Agrifood worker poverty and Burden of disease (undernourishment); and Health cost: Burden of disease (dietary patterns). Mongolia: 9534; 3425, 0, 361, 2108, 22, 6, and 3612. Republic of Korea: 104235; 4660, 1013, 131, 5925, 8, empty, and 92496. Southeastern Asia: 722709; 85223, 3684, 5544, 140405, 20877, 2946, and 464029. Cambodia: 12349; 3200, 7, 230, 1329, 268, 103, and 7211. Indonesia: 319515; 42123, 1131, 4773, 79986, 11670, 834, and 178998. Lao People's Democratic Republic: 6546; 1549, 2, 62, 749, 566, 32, and 3710. Malaysia: 49577; 5828, 1, 184, 3680, 1, empty, and 39883. Myanmar: 55026; 12014, 15, 267, 8909, 1417, 178, and 32227. Philippines: 86816; 5139, 728, 41, 15469, 2440, 267, and 62815. Thailand: 106258; 8162, 614, 102, 13702, 53, 697, and 82928. TimorLeste: 816; 93, 0, 1, 119, 111, 31, and 462. Viet Nam: 73348; 5939, 800, 84, 16009, 684, 259, and 49573. Southern Asia: 1520780; 115603, 47648, 24834, 204701, 192793, 21695, and 913506. Afghanistan: 12459; 1176, 386, 8, 453, 3668, 546, and 6222. Bangladesh: 110210; 8101, 316, 340, 16821, 16293, 1399, and 66942. India: 1123226; 77396, 36322, 24051, 144209157, 157360, 15253, and 668635. Iran (Islamic Republic of): 91702; 10758, 5392, 427, 31828, 494, 176, and 42626. Nepal: 16553; 2004, 243, 55, 1474, 2089, 148, and 10540. Pakistan: 161745; 16485, 5226, 76, 7254, 16216, 4681, and 111960. Sri Lanka: 17343; 859, 149, 36, 3116, 341, 38, and 12804. Western Asia: 560889; 23908, 11110, 19242, 66208, 4216, 2181, and 434025. Armenia: 7919; 191, 301, 55, 445, 21, 12, and 6893. Azerbaijan: 27835; 891, 401, 283, 1683, 129, empty, and 24450. Cyprus: 3671; 95, 50, 23, 396, empty, empty, and 3106. Georgia: 13037; 314, 48, 0, 473, 163, 31, and 12008. Iraq: 67095; 2402, 1029, 97, 3777, 123, 793, and 58874. Israel: 17015; 788, 232, empty, 1253, 3, empty, and 14738. Jordan: 12663; 422, 21, empty, 233, 2, 183, and 11801. Kuwait: 12322; 438, 85, empty, 637, empty, 30, and 11132. Lebanon: 4508; 270, 38, 10, 161, 1, 36, and 3993. Oman: 11418; 794, 288, empty, 282, 37, 123, and 9893. Palestine: 2356; 21, 21, empty, 129, 12, 23, and 2151. Qatar: 6455; 909, 2, empty, 152, empty, empty, and 5392.
Table A2.1 (Continued3): Long Description The data in the table is in millions for the year 2020 and can be provided as Country Or Territory; Total Hidden Costs; Environmental cost: Climate, Blue water withdrawal, Land, and Nitrogen; Social cost: Agrifood worker poverty and Burden of disease (undernourishment); and Health cost: Burden of disease (dietary patterns). Saudi Arabia: 132004; 5126, 442, 18, 1696, empty, 219, and 124504. Syrian Arab Republic: 5330; 768, 167, 93, 193, 428, 61, and 3620. Türkiye: 189781; 8146, 7257, 18545, 54042, 207, empty, and 101585. United Arab Emirates: 38188; 1580, 552, empty, 326, empty, empty, and 35731. Yemen: 9291; 753, 178, 119, 327, 3090, 672, and 4153. Europe: 2862322; 112670, 5306, 138883, 261450, 579, 183, and 2343253. Eastern Europe: 1267070; 53194, 29, 31847, 133554, 181, 137, and 1048129. Belarus: 39177; 4691, 0, 374, 2793, empty, empty, and 31318. Bulgaria: 36197; 849, 3, 1592, 1145, 8, 22, and 32578. Czechia: 63439; 1082, 0, 1701, 2644, empty, empty, and 58012. Hungary: 76253; 1464, 1, 2212, 4476, 8, empty, and 68091. Poland: 208925; 7626, 1, 6986, 8847, 11, empty, and 185455. Republic of Moldova: 12809; 282, 0, 151, 2825, 2, 19, and 9831. Romania: 150845; 2105, 1, 5083, 10422, 151, empty, and 133083. Russian Federation: 533602; 29309, 12, 12215, 74169, empty, empty, and 417896. Slovakia: 35198; 336, 0, 1796, 1967, 1, 33, and 31065. Ukraine: 110626; 5450, 11, 40, 24264, empty, 63, and 80798. Northern Europe: 422109; 19241, 117, 47037, 35768, 45, empty, and 319901. Denmark: 21175; 1273, 6, 567, 5528, 2, empty, and 13800. Estonia: 10190; 522, 0, 2050, 721, 1, empty, and 6897. Finland: 23531; 1509, 5, 1668, 1323, empty, empty, and 19025. Iceland: 1049; 130, 0, empty, 184, empty, empty, and 735. Ireland: 23014; 2369, 0, 4647, 5840, 1, empty, and 10157. Latvia: 18564; 581, 0, 4118, 918, 2, empty, and 12946. Lithuania: 22366; 1225, 0, 1378, 2671, 2, empty, and 17091. Norway: 15127; 2196, 28, 137, 1603, 1, empty, and 11162. Sweden: 31672; 2519, 0, 200, 2327, 4, empty, and 26621. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: 255421; 6917, 77, 32274, 14654, 32, empty, and 201467. Southern Europe: 528530; 15610, 5139, 35123, 39726, 329, 47, and 432556. Albania: 6803; 252, 2, 794, 482, 4, 13, and 5255. Croatia: 26209; 462, 0, 666, 1686, 4, empty, and 23392. Greece: 51087; 1282, 2108, 4241, 4778, 35, empty, and 38643.
Table A2.1 (Continued4): Long Description The data in the table is in millions for the year 2020 and can be provided as Country Or Territory; Total Hidden Costs; Environmental cost: Climate, Blue water withdrawal, Land, and Nitrogen; Social cost: Agrifood worker poverty and Burden of disease (undernourishment); and Health cost: Burden of disease (dietary patterns). Italy: 200877; 5908, 567, 3313, 15177, 106, empty, and 175805. Montenegro: 2343; 49, 0, 249, 222, 3, empty, and 1820. North Macedonia: 9578; 142, 5, 2353, 316, 24, 8, and 6730. Portugal: 41508; 935, 239, 5823, 3019, 11, empty, and 31480. Serbia: 31195; 1139, 0, 1925, 1390, 47, 26, and 26668. Slovenia: 9245; 294, 0, 104, 865, empty, empty, and 7982. Spain: 149685; 5147, 2217, 15654, 11791, 95, empty, and 114780. Western Europe: 644613; 24625, 22, 24875, 52402, 24, empty, and 542666. Austria: 30965; 883, 0, 2703, 2560, 12, empty, and 24807. Belgium: 34685; 1311, 0, 796, 4982, 1, empty, and 27595. France: 177505; 8226, 20, 17791, 17166, 10, empty, and 134294. Germany: 328407; 10027, 0, 2813, 17245, 1, empty, and 298321. Netherlands (Kingdom of the): 50631; 3346, 0, 556, 7860, empty, empty, and 38869. Switzerland: 22420; 833, 1, 216, 2588, empty, empty, and 18781. Oceania: 98716; 12700, 371, 2224, 13648, 21, empty, and 69751. Australia and New Zealand: 98716; 12700, 371, 2224, 13648, 21, empty, and 69751. Australia: 76709; 9473, 360, 2397, 6826, 21, empty, and 57632. New Zealand: 22007; 3228, 11, 173, 6821, empty, empty, and 12119.
NOTES: All values are expected values. Negative values for land hidden costs are driven by the hidden benefits – herein expressed as negative hidden costs – of afforestation and grassland recovery, which result in returned ecosystem services.