1 Comparing existing studies on the global hidden costs of agrifood systems
A2.1 Environmental, social and health hidden costs (in millions), 2020
A2.2 Intensity indicators of environmental, social and health hidden costs of agrifood systems, 2020
FIGURES
1 How assessments of capital flows can inform levers for agrifood systems transformation
2 Ease of quantification for selected capital flows along a spectrum
3 Two-phase agrifood systems assessment process
4 Process of informed agrifood systems transformation
5 Scope of the analysis: agrifood systems stages and pathways through which hidden costs manifest
6 Quantified hidden costs of agrifood systems by cost category (left) and subcategory (right), 2020
7 Total quantified hidden costs of agrifood systems by income group
10 Spatial distribution of indicators of hidden costs in global agrifood systems, 2020
11 A four-step process to initiate and scale up targeted agrifood systems assessments
12 Five commonly used functional units, their scope and relevance
13 The role of scenarios in informing policymaking
15 Levers for agrifood systems transformation
BOXES
1 Public support for food and agriculture is still highly distortive
2 Market failures and agrifood systems: definitions and examples
4 The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity (TEEB): TEEBAgriFood in a nutshell
6 What is behind the numbers in this report?
7 Uncertainty in the global estimates of the hidden costs of agrifood systems
8 Quantified hidden costs of agrifood systems over time – an overview of recent trends
9 The cost of ignoring trade-offs: the case of insecticide use in the Horn of Africa
10 Guiding principles of the TEEBAgriFood Evaluation Framework
11 TEEBAgriFood evaluation of rice production in northeastern Thailand
12 Scenario analysis to uncover the health and environmental hidden costs of different diets
13 Using scenario analysis in a real policy context: an example from Indonesia
14 Incentivizing climate-smart coffee production in Colombia
15 True cost accounting initiatives in the private sector
16 How businesses make use of true cost accounting – evidence from three businesses
17 Mobilizing private capital to address threats to cocoa production in Ghana
18 Leveraging finance for sustainable production and biodiversity conservation in Chiapas, Mexico
19 Palm oil production in Indonesia and Malaysia – the role of voluntary sustainability standards
22 Greenhouse gas emissions from egg and milk production – evidence from two life cycle assessments
23 Scaling public financing towards sustainable natural resources management – the case of Uganda
