Annex I DATA TABLES
TABLE 16
Prevalence of undernourishment (percent)
| 2000–2002 | 2004–2006 | 2009–2011 | 2013–2015 | 2017–2019 | 2018–2020 | 2019–2021 | 2020–2022 | |
| WORLD | 12.9 | 12.0 | 8.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 9.2 |
| Africa | 21.8 | 19.5 | 15.9 | 15.3 | 16.7 | 17.4 | 18.4 | 19.3 |
| Central Africa | 34.9 | 31.9 | 24.3 | 22.7 | 24.3 | 25.6 | 27.0 | 28.4 |
| Eastern Africa | 37.2 | 32.7 | 25.4 | 23.6 | 26.3 | 27.0 | 27.8 | 28.4 |
| Northern Africa | 5.9 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.8 |
| Southern Africa | 5.6 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 10.2 |
| Western Africa | 14.7 | 12.1 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 13.1 | 14.3 |
| Algeria | 8.1 | 6.7 | 4.3 | 2.7 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 | <2.5 |
| Angola | 67.8 | 52.6 | 22.6 | 12.5 | 15.2 | 17.5 | 20.1 | 21.6 |
| Benin | 17.3 | 12.0 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 9.9 |
| Botswana | 23.8 | 22.9 | 22.5 | 23.3 | 26.4 | 26.4 | 24.5 | 22.9 |
| Burkina Faso | 22.9 | 17.8 | 14.5 | 13.1 | 14.0 | 14.6 | 15.5 | 16.2 |
| Cabo Verde | 15.0 | 11.2 | 17.0 | 20.7 | 19.8 | 18.5 | 18.1 | 18.2 |
| Cameroon | 22.7 | 15.8 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.4 |
| Central African Republic | 38.5 | 38.9 | 33.4 | 46.9 | 44.5 | 44.8 | 45.7 | 48.7 |
| Chad | 38.6 | 38.1 | 30.2 | 25.5 | 26.8 | 28.1 | 29.8 | 31.4 |
| Comoros | 25.2 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 12.8 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 13.5 |
| Congo | 27.0 | 34.5 | 38.7 | 27.9 | 30.8 | 31.1 | 32.0 | 33.3 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 18.2 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 12.6 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 7.7 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 27.9 | 28.4 | 28.1 | 29.6 | 31.0 | 32.5 | 33.9 | 35.3 |
| Djibouti | 42.1 | 30.2 | 26.5 | 22.9 | 19.4 | 19.0 | 17.3 | 16.8 |
| Egypt | 5.2 | 6.4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 7.2 |
| Eswatini | 10.5 | 9.6 | 19.7 | 14.4 | 12.9 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 11.6 |
| Ethiopia | 46.7 | 37.1 | 24.2 | 15.6 | 18.0 | 20.7 | 22.3 | 21.9 |
| Gabon | 10.8 | 14.4 | 16.6 | 15.7 | 19.5 | 20.9 | 22.1 | 23.0 |
| Gambia | 18.0 | 21.5 | 13.1 | 15.4 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 18.7 | 19.6 |
| Ghana | 14.9 | 11.1 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
| Guinea | 18.0 | 14.9 | 15.4 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.9 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 15.8 | 16.4 | 23.8 | 34.8 | 33.1 | 35.3 | 36.8 | 37.9 |
| Kenya | 32.3 | 28.4 | 21.3 | 18.3 | 22.2 | 23.0 | 24.7 | 27.8 |
| Lesotho | 20.7 | 13.9 | 11.8 | 27.2 | 33.0 | 38.1 | 43.7 | 46.0 |
| Liberia | 36.3 | 33.5 | 33.2 | 36.8 | 35.6 | 36.9 | 37.8 | 38.4 |
| Libya | 3.5 | 4.7 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 8.4 |
| Madagascar | 34.1 | 33.7 | 28.3 | 37.7 | 44.7 | 47.1 | 49.5 | 51.0 |
| Malawi | 23.4 | 21.9 | 14.2 | 13.3 | 15.7 | 16.5 | 17.2 | 17.8 |
| Mali | 16.6 | 13.6 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 6.6 | 9.7 | 12.8 |
| Mauritania | 8.2 | 9.1 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.7 |
| Mauritius | 5.8 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.8 |
| Morocco | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 6.3 |
| Mozambique | 36.9 | 33.8 | 19.7 | 31.2 | 29.5 | 27.0 | 29.5 | 30.5 |
| Namibia | 15.6 | 20.3 | 30.4 | 21.0 | 18.2 | 17.6 | 17.1 | 17.1 |
| Niger | 23.3 | 19.1 | 15.3 | 13.3 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 14.2 | 16.1 |
| Nigeria | 8.8 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 9.5 | 10.6 | 12.4 | 14.2 | 15.9 |
| Rwanda | 38.0 | 34.3 | 30.3 | 33.0 | 31.8 | 32.7 | 32.4 | 31.6 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 15.7 | 10.3 | 15.4 | 16.2 | 15.3 | 14.9 | 13.5 | 13.1 |
| Senegal | 24.5 | 18.1 | 10.8 | 10.6 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.7 |
| Seychelles | 2.6 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 4.3 |
| Sierra Leone | 50.4 | 46.5 | 26.7 | 22.6 | 26.8 | 27.5 | 27.3 | 27.8 |
| Somalia | 70.6 | 70.4 | 70.1 | 58.7 | 54.0 | 51.9 | 49.9 | 48.7 |
| South Africa | 3.8 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 7.9 |
| South Sudan | 20.8 | 21.4 | ||||||
| Sudan | 9.3 | 11.5 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 11.9 | |||
| Togo | 31.6 | 28.3 | 21.2 | 19.7 | 19.7 | 18.8 | 17.5 | 17.4 |
| Tunisia | 4.4 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 2.9 | <2.5 | <2.5 | 2.8 | 3.0 |
| Uganda | 18.4 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 24.7 | 34.1 | 32.5 | 31.5 | 31.6 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 32.8 | 28.1 | 23.8 | 20.2 | 22.2 | 22.3 | 22.2 | 23.5 |
| Zambia | 50.4 | 51.4 | 44.1 | 35.0 | 28.8 | 29.2 | 30.0 | 29.8 |
| Zimbabwe | 33.0 | 30.0 | 26.3 | 30.0 | 38.2 | 38.9 | 39.1 | 38.4 |
NOTE: The values for 2020 to 2022 are projections.
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
TABLE 17
Number of undernourished people (millions)
| 2000–2002 | 2004–2006 | 2009–2011 | 2013–2015 | 2017–2019 | 2018–2020 | 2019–2021 | 2020–2022 | |
| WORLD | 804.9 | 786.7 | 612.6 | 575.0 | 590.5 | 633.7 | 684.4 | 725.1 |
| Africa | 183.4 | 181.0 | 167.5 | 179.7 | 216.2 | 231.8 | 250.1 | 269.0 |
| Central Africa | 35.0 | 36.2 | 32.5 | 34.6 | 42.1 | 45.9 | 49.9 | 54.1 |
| Eastern Africa | 99.0 | 97.4 | 87.2 | 90.4 | 112.1 | 118.0 | 124.8 | 130.7 |
| Northern Africa | 10.4 | 11.5 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 14.5 | 14.7 | 15.7 | 17.4 |
| Southern Africa | 3.0 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.9 |
| Western Africa | 35.9 | 33.1 | 33.6 | 37.7 | 42.3 | 47.5 | 53.5 | 59.8 |
| Algeria | 2.5 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.1 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Angola | 11.5 | 10.2 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 7.4 |
| Benin | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Botswana | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Burkina Faso | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
| Cabo Verde | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Cameroon | 3.5 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
| Central African Republic | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.7 |
| Chad | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.4 |
| Comoros | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 |
| Congo | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 14.0 | 16.1 | 18.6 | 22.5 | 27.0 | 29.2 | 31.4 | 33.8 |
| Djibouti | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Egypt | 3.8 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.8 |
| Eswatini | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Ethiopia | 32.2 | 28.7 | 21.6 | 15.5 | 20.0 | 23.7 | 26.2 | 26.4 |
| Gabon | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Gambia | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Ghana | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Guinea | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| Kenya | 10.3 | 10.2 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 11.1 | 11.7 | 12.8 | 14.7 |
| Lesotho | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Liberia | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Libya | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Madagascar | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 9.1 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 14.8 |
| Malawi | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
| Mali | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.8 |
| Mauritania | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Mauritius | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Morocco | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
| Mozambique | 6.7 | 6.8 | 4.6 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 9.2 | 9.8 |
| Namibia | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Niger | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 4.1 |
| Nigeria | 11.1 | 9.8 | 13.5 | 17.1 | 21.0 | 25.2 | 29.6 | 34.0 |
| Rwanda | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Senegal | 2.4 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Seychelles | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
| Sierra Leone | 2.4 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 |
| Somalia | 6.4 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| South Africa | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.7 |
| South Sudan | 2.2 | 2.3 | ||||||
| Sudan | 3.5 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.4 | |||
| Togo | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Tunisia | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | n.r. | n.r. | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Uganda | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 9.0 | 14.2 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.5 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 11.6 | 11.1 | 10.7 | 10.3 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 13.7 | 14.9 |
| Zambia | 5.1 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.8 |
| Zimbabwe | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
NOTE: The values for 2020 to 2022 are projections. n.r. = data not reported as the prevalence is less than 2.5 percent.
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
TABLE 18
Prevalence of food insecurity (percent)
| Severe food insecurity | Moderate or severe food insecurity | |||||||
| 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2019–2021 | 2020–2022 | 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2019–2021 | 2020–2022 | |
| WORLD | 7.8 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 21.9 | 24.7 | 28.1 | 29.5 |
| Africa | 17.8 | 19.8 | 22.2 | 23.4 | 46.6 | 51.7 | 56.1 | 58.9 |
| Central Africa | n.a. | n.a. | 36.7 | 37.7 | n.a. | n.a. | 71.9 | 74.7 |
| Eastern Africa | 23.2 | 25.1 | 27.3 | 28.1 | 59.0 | 63.6 | 65.7 | 67.5 |
| Northern Africa | 9.8 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 28.6 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 32.2 |
| Southern Africa | 9.0 | 9.3 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 21.7 | 22.1 | 23.9 | 25.1 |
| Western Africa | 11.6 | 15.3 | 19.4 | 21.2 | 40.1 | 48.8 | 59.3 | 64.1 |
| Algeria | 13.0 | 9.3 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 22.9 | 17.6 | 19.0 | 19.4 |
| Angola | 21.0 | 24.0 | 30.4 | 31.2 | 66.5 | 70.1 | 77.7 | 78.5 |
| Benin | 10.4 | 14.2 | 13.8 | 15.3 | 55.0 | 65.6 | 68.0 | 73.6 |
| Botswana | 18.4 | 23.1 | 25.4 | 26.7 | 46.5 | 53.1 | 55.6 | 56.3 |
| Burkina Faso | 10.0 | 12.6 | 18.5 | 21.2 | 41.8 | 42.8 | 52.6 | 56.9 |
| Burundi | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Cabo Verde | n.a. | 8.6 | 6.4 | 6.3 | n.a. | 36.4 | 35.4 | 37.0 |
| Cameroon | 22.3 | 28.1 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 49.9 | 57.0 | 55.8 | 58.5 |
| Central African Republic | n.a. | n.a. | 61.8 | 61.8 | n.a. | n.a. | 81.3 | 81.3 |
| Chad | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Comoros | n.a. | n.a. | 27.4 | 27.4 | n.a. | n.a. | 79.7 | 79.7 |
| Congo | 42.6 | 51.1 | 55.5 | 58.8 | 82.0 | 88.2 | 88.7 | 88.2 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 6.2 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 34.1 | 38.6 | 42.8 | 44.2 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | n.a. | n.a. | 39.2 | 40.7 | n.a. | n.a. | 72.3 | 76.6 |
| Djibouti | n.a. | n.a. | 16.5 | 16.5 | n.a. | n.a. | 49.2 | 49.2 |
| Egypt | 8.4 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 8.8 | 27.8 | 31.2 | 27.3 | 28.5 |
| Equatorial Guinea | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Eritrea | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Eswatini | n.a. | n.a. | 18.3 | 18.3 | n.a. | n.a. | 67.0 | 67.0 |
| Ethiopia | 14.5 | 14.1 | 19.6 | 21.1 | 56.2 | 57.9 | 56.2 | 58.1 |
| Gabon | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Gambia | n.a. | 24.6 | 27.1 | 27.0 | n.a. | 54.3 | 58.0 | 60.7 |
| Ghana | 5.1 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 38.3 | 39.5 | 36.6 | 39.4 |
| Guinea | 44.3 | 49.7 | 48.9 | 49.5 | 72.5 | 74.1 | 73.3 | 73.1 |
| Guinea-Bissau | n.a. | 12.5 | 29.2 | 32.0 | n.a. | 64.4 | 75.0 | 77.8 |
| Kenya | 15.0 | 23.4 | 26.1 | 28.0 | 50.7 | 64.4 | 69.5 | 72.3 |
| Lesotho | n.a. | 27.0 | 30.9 | 32.8 | n.a. | 49.7 | 54.4 | 56.7 |
| Liberia | 38.6 | n.a. | 37.3 | 37.5 | 79.7 | n.a. | 80.6 | 81.2 |
| Libya | 11.2 | 16.7 | 20.7 | 21.2 | 29.1 | 35.7 | 39.4 | 39.8 |
| Madagascar | n.a. | 9.5 | 10.3 | 12.2 | n.a. | 58.0 | 61.1 | 64.9 |
| Malawi | 47.7 | 48.3 | 51.0 | 52.2 | 78.1 | 78.8 | 81.3 | 82.4 |
| Mali | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Mauritania | 4.6 | 5.9 | 7.2 | 9.5 | 26.3 | 35.9 | 45.3 | 53.7 |
| Mauritius | 5.2 | 6.8 | 9.1 | 10.5 | 13.0 | 20.7 | 28.2 | 32.0 |
| Morocco | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Mozambique | n.a. | 40.7 | 40.4 | 39.6 | n.a. | 68.4 | 73.7 | 75.4 |
| Namibia | 28.8 | 31.3 | 32.6 | 33.0 | 53.2 | 56.4 | 57.9 | 57.7 |
| Niger | n.a. | 11.9 | n.a. | 30.5 | n.a. | 52.1 | n.a. | 71.4 |
| Nigeria | 11.0 | 15.1 | 19.8 | 21.3 | 34.7 | 47.1 | 62.9 | 69.7 |
| Rwanda | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Sao Tome and Principe | n.a. | n.a. | 14.1 | 14.1 | n.a. | n.a. | 54.6 | 54.6 |
| Senegal | 7.5 | 8.7 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 39.0 | 40.0 | 49.2 | 49.8 |
| Seychelles | 3.2 | n.a. | n.a. | 3.3 | 14.3 | n.a. | n.a. | 14.7 |
| Sierra Leone | 26.7 | 32.4 | 31.5 | 31.9 | 75.8 | 83.0 | 86.7 | 89.2 |
| Somalia | n.a. | n.a. | 41.7 | 43.4 | n.a. | n.a. | 77.4 | 79.5 |
| South Africa | n.a. | 6.9 | 8.0 | 9.0 | n.a. | 17.4 | 19.0 | 20.3 |
| South Sudan | n.a. | 63.7 | 62.3 | 63.2 | n.a. | 84.9 | 86.4 | 87.3 |
| Sudan | 13.4 | 16.4 | 17.4 | 18.1 | 41.4 | 48.9 | 50.7 | 51.8 |
| Togo | 16.1 | 16.9 | 18.8 | 19.4 | 60.4 | 61.9 | 62.5 | 62.9 |
| Tunisia | 9.1 | 9.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 18.2 | 22.1 | 28.0 | 28.5 |
| Uganda | 21.5 | 24.9 | 23.2 | 24.9 | 66.3 | 75.0 | 72.5 | 74.2 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 20.6 | 24.9 | 25.8 | 26.3 | 48.9 | 56.1 | 57.6 | 58.7 |
| Zambia | 22.4 | 26.2 | 32.6 | 32.1 | 51.2 | 55.6 | 69.5 | 73.1 |
| Zimbabwe | 35.5 | 34.2 | 31.3 | 28.6 | 64.7 | 66.7 | 73.0 | 73.6 |
NOTE: n.a. = data not available; n.r. = data not reported.
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
TABLE 19
Number of food-insecure people (millions)
| Severely food insecure | Moderately or severely food insecure | |||||||
| 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2019–2021 | 2020–2022 | 2014–2016 | 2017–2019 | 2019–2021 | 2020–2022 | |
| WORLD | 575.7 | 677.7 | 832.6 | 892.7 | 1 626.1 | 1 899.7 | 2 205.3 | 2 335.5 |
| Africa | 213.3 | 256.9 | 301.4 | 326.0 | 559.7 | 669.9 | 763.7 | 821.5 |
| Central Africa | n.a. | n.a. | 67.8 | 71.7 | n.a. | n.a. | 132.8 | 142.2 |
| Eastern Africa | 91.2 | 106.9 | 122.5 | 129.8 | 232.3 | 270.8 | 295.0 | 311.5 |
| Northern Africa | 22.4 | 23.0 | 24.7 | 27.9 | 65.4 | 75.1 | 78.0 | 82.4 |
| Southern Africa | 5.7 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 14.5 | 16.0 | 17.1 |
| Western Africa | 41.6 | 59.3 | 79.3 | 88.8 | 143.5 | 189.3 | 241.9 | 268.4 |
| Algeria | 5.2 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 8.6 |
| Angola | 5.9 | 7.5 | 10.2 | 10.8 | 18.7 | 21.9 | 26.0 | 27.1 |
| Benin | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 9.6 |
| Botswana | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
| Burkina Faso | 1.9 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 11.3 | 12.6 |
| Burundi | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Cabo Verde | n.a. | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | n.a. | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Cameroon | 5.1 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 11.5 | 14.3 | 14.8 | 15.9 |
| Central African Republic | n.a. | n.a. | 3.3 | 3.4 | n.a. | n.a. | 4.3 | 4.4 |
| Chad | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Comoros | n.a. | n.a. | 0.2 | 0.2 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Congo | 2.2 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 1.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 11.5 | 12.1 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | n.a. | n.a. | 36.4 | 39.0 | n.a. | n.a. | 67.1 | 73.5 |
| Djibouti | n.a. | n.a. | 0.2 | 0.2 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Egypt | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 9.7 | 27.1 | 32.4 | 29.3 | 31.1 |
| Equatorial Guinea | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Eritrea | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Eswatini | n.a. | n.a. | 0.2 | 0.2 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Ethiopia | 14.9 | 15.7 | 23.0 | 25.3 | 57.6 | 64.4 | 65.9 | 69.9 |
| Gabon | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Gambia | n.a. | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | n.a. | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
| Ghana | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 12.9 |
| Guinea | 5.1 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 9.9 |
| Guinea-Bissau | n.a. | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.7 | n.a. | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
| Kenya | 7.0 | 11.7 | 13.6 | 14.8 | 23.8 | 32.2 | 36.1 | 38.3 |
| Lesotho | n.a. | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | n.a. | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Liberia | 1.8 | n.a. | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.7 | n.a. | 4.1 | 4.2 |
| Libya | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| Madagascar | n.a. | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.5 | n.a. | 15.6 | 17.2 | 18.8 |
| Malawi | 8.1 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 13.2 | 14.5 | 15.7 | 16.4 |
| Mali | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Mauritania | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
| Mauritius | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Morocco | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Mozambique | n.a. | 12.0 | 12.6 | 12.7 | n.a. | 20.1 | 23.0 | 24.2 |
| Namibia | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
| Niger | n.a. | 2.7 | n.a. | 7.7 | n.a. | 11.8 | n.a. | 18.0 |
| Nigeria | 20.3 | 29.9 | 41.2 | 45.4 | 63.8 | 93.4 | 131.2 | 148.7 |
| Rwanda | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Sao Tome and Principe | n.a. | n.a. | <0.1 | <0.1 | n.a. | n.a. | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Senegal | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 8.4 |
| Seychelles | <0.1 | n.a. | n.a. | <0.1 | <0.1 | n.a. | n.a. | <0.1 |
| Sierra Leone | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 7.5 |
| Somalia | n.a. | n.a. | 6.9 | 7.4 | n.a. | n.a. | 12.8 | 13.6 |
| South Africa | n.a. | 4.0 | 4.7 | 5.3 | n.a. | 10.0 | 11.2 | 12.1 |
| South Sudan | n.a. | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.8 | n.a. | 8.9 | 9.2 | 9.4 |
| Sudan | 5.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 15.8 | 20.5 | 22.5 | 23.7 |
| Togo | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.4 |
| Tunisia | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
| Uganda | 8.1 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 11.4 | 24.9 | 31.2 | 32.2 | 34.0 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 10.8 | 14.5 | 15.9 | 16.7 | 25.7 | 32.6 | 35.6 | 37.4 |
| Zambia | 3.6 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 8.3 | 9.9 | 13.1 | 14.2 |
| Zimbabwe | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 11.8 |
NOTE: n.a. = data not available; n.r. = data not reported.
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
TABLE 20
Prevalence of food insecurity by sex (percent)
| Severely food insecure | Moderately or severely food insecure | |||||||
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||
| 2014–2016 | 2020–2022 | 2014–2016 | 2020–2022 | 2014–2016 | 2020–2022 | 2014–2016 | 2020–2022 | |
| WORLD | 6.5 | 9.3 | 7.2 | 10.8 | 18.9 | 25.2 | 20.7 | 28.1 |
| Africa | 16.7 | 22.3 | 17.7 | 22.9 | 44.2 | 56.9 | 46.5 | 57.9 |
| Central Africa | n.a. | 38.2 | n.a. | 37.0 | n.a. | 74.2 | n.a. | 75.0 |
| Eastern Africa | 21.6 | 27.2 | 24.3 | 28.5 | 57.3 | 66.7 | 60.3 | 67.9 |
| Northern Africa | 8.7 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 11.0 | 25.6 | 31.2 | 30.7 | 32.2 |
| Southern Africa | 7.9 | 10.6 | 9.7 | 12.0 | 19.7 | 23.8 | 22.9 | 25.8 |
| Western Africa | 12.2 | 20.8 | 11.1 | 21.1 | 40.4 | 63.5 | 39.9 | 64.2 |
| Algeria | 11.9 | 6.9 | 14.1 | 4.3 | 21.6 | 21.7 | 24.2 | 17.0 |
| Angola | 20.1 | 29.8 | 22.0 | 32.6 | 64.0 | 75.5 | 69.0 | 81.4 |
| Benin | 10.2 | 14.9 | 10.7 | 15.7 | 54.6 | 73.1 | 55.4 | 74.2 |
| Botswana | 16.3 | 24.6 | 20.6 | 28.8 | 43.0 | 53.5 | 49.9 | 59.2 |
| Burkina Faso | 10.8 | 23.4 | 9.2 | 19.1 | 42.1 | 59.2 | 41.6 | 54.6 |
| Burundi | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Cabo Verde | n.a. | 6.3 | n.a. | 6.3 | n.a. | 37.0 | n.a. | 37.0 |
| Cameroon | 23.3 | 27.8 | 21.4 | 25.5 | 50.1 | 58.7 | 49.8 | 58.3 |
| Central African Republic | n.a. | 61.8 | n.a. | 61.8 | n.a. | 81.3 | n.a. | 81.3 |
| Chad | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Comoros | n.a. | 26.4 | n.a. | 28.4 | n.a. | 79.5 | n.a. | 80.0 |
| Congo | 42.6 | 57.9 | 42.6 | 59.7 | 81.7 | 87.8 | 82.2 | 88.5 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 6.2 | 9.6 | 6.3 | 9.8 | 34.1 | 44.2 | 34.0 | 44.2 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | n.a. | 42.1 | n.a. | 39.3 | n.a. | 77.1 | n.a. | 76.1 |
| Djibouti | n.a. | 17.6 | n.a. | 15.4 | n.a. | 49.3 | n.a. | 49.2 |
| Egypt | 7.0 | 7.9 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 23.2 | 27.0 | 32.3 | 29.9 |
| Equatorial Guinea | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Eritrea | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Eswatini | n.a. | 19.0 | n.a. | 17.6 | n.a. | 66.2 | n.a. | 67.9 |
| Ethiopia | 12.9 | 20.9 | 16.2 | 21.2 | 55.0 | 59.0 | 57.5 | 57.2 |
| Gabon | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Gambia | n.a. | 26.9 | n.a. | 27.0 | n.a. | 61.0 | n.a. | 60.5 |
| Ghana | 5.0 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 6.4 | 36.5 | 37.9 | 40.1 | 41.0 |
| Guinea | 44.4 | 48.8 | 44.1 | 50.2 | 73.3 | 72.5 | 71.6 | 73.7 |
| Guinea-Bissau | n.a. | 32.0 | n.a. | 32.0 | n.a. | 77.8 | n.a. | 77.8 |
| Kenya | 13.7 | 26.3 | 16.3 | 29.7 | 47.3 | 68.4 | 54.1 | 76.1 |
| Lesotho | n.a. | 33.0 | n.a. | 32.7 | n.a. | 57.4 | n.a. | 55.9 |
| Liberia | 37.2 | 34.6 | 40.0 | 40.5 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 81.0 | 84.0 |
| Libya | 9.0 | 17.5 | 13.4 | 24.9 | 24.1 | 34.8 | 34.1 | 44.8 |
| Madagascar | n.a. | 11.0 | n.a. | 13.4 | n.a. | 61.9 | n.a. | 67.9 |
| Malawi | 45.5 | 50.5 | 49.9 | 53.8 | 77.5 | 81.7 | 78.7 | 83.0 |
| Mali | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Mauritania | 4.4 | 9.4 | 4.9 | 9.6 | 25.1 | 54.5 | 27.5 | 52.9 |
| Mauritius | 4.5 | 9.5 | 5.9 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 31.3 | 14.2 | 32.6 |
| Morocco | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Mozambique | n.a. | 38.4 | n.a. | 40.7 | n.a. | 74.0 | n.a. | 76.8 |
| Namibia | 27.1 | 31.7 | 30.6 | 34.3 | 50.6 | 55.9 | 55.7 | 59.5 |
| Niger | n.a. | 29.4 | n.a. | 31.6 | n.a. | 70.3 | n.a. | 72.5 |
| Nigeria | 12.1 | 21.0 | 10.0 | 21.5 | 35.2 | 68.7 | 34.1 | 70.7 |
| Rwanda | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
| Sao Tome and Principe | n.a. | 13.8 | n.a. | 14.4 | n.a. | 53.0 | n.a. | 56.2 |
| Senegal | 8.0 | 11.4 | 6.9 | 10.9 | 43.5 | 53.1 | 34.5 | 46.4 |
| Seychelles | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 14.3 | 14.7 | 14.3 | 14.7 |
| Sierra Leone | 26.1 | 32.0 | 27.5 | 31.7 | 74.3 | 89.5 | 77.4 | 89.0 |
| Somalia | n.a. | 43.4 | n.a. | 43.4 | n.a. | 79.5 | n.a. | 79.5 |
| South Africa | n.a. | 8.3 | n.a. | 9.7 | n.a. | 19.3 | n.a. | 21.3 |
| South Sudan | n.a. | 63.2 | n.a. | 63.2 | n.a. | 87.3 | n.a. | 87.3 |
| Sudan | 13.4 | 18.1 | 13.4 | 18.1 | 41.4 | 51.9 | 41.4 | 51.9 |
| Togo | 17.8 | 21.1 | 14.5 | 17.7 | 62.2 | 64.7 | 58.6 | 61.0 |
| Tunisia | 8.8 | 13.4 | 9.5 | 11.9 | 18.3 | 28.8 | 18.0 | 28.1 |
| Uganda | 22.5 | 25.5 | 20.5 | 24.3 | 68.2 | 75.5 | 64.4 | 72.8 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 18.9 | 26.2 | 22.3 | 26.4 | 46.1 | 58.9 | 51.6 | 58.6 |
| Zambia | 22.4 | 32.3 | 22.4 | 31.8 | 51.2 | 73.4 | 51.2 | 72.8 |
| Zimbabwe | 34.9 | 27.0 | 36.1 | 30.2 | 64.0 | 72.2 | 65.4 | 75.0 |
NOTE: n.a. = data not available; n.r. = data not reported.
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Suite of Food Security Indicators. In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
TABLE 21
Prevalence of stunting among children under five years of age (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2022 | |
| WORLD | 33.0 | 31.1 | 27.9 | 26.3 | 24.6 | 23.0 | 22.7 | 22.3 |
| Africa | 40.8 | 39.1 | 36.0 | 34.4 | 32.7 | 31.1 | 30.8 | 30.0 |
| Central Africa | 43.8 | 41.3 | 38.7 | 37.9 | 37.7 | 37.9 | 37.8 | 37.4 |
| Eastern Africa | 48.7 | 45.8 | 41.0 | 38.6 | 35.8 | 32.7 | 31.9 | 30.6 |
| Northern Africa | 27.3 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 22.1 | 22.0 | 21.7 |
| Southern Africa | 27.8 | 27.4 | 24.5 | 23.4 | 22.9 | 22.7 | 22.8 | 22.8 |
| Western Africa | 39.2 | 38.5 | 36.0 | 34.5 | 32.9 | 31.2 | 30.8 | 30.0 |
| Algeria | 22.3 | 18.1 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 8.6 |
| Angola | 46.5 | 33.9 | 30.8 | 31.8 | 35.6 | 41.4 | 42.4 | 43.6 |
| Benin | 34.9 | 36.1 | 35.2 | 33.9 | 32.9 | 31.9 | 31.4 | 30.4 |
| Botswana | 30.3 | 29.3 | 26.1 | 24.6 | 22.9 | 22.8 | 22.5 | 21.6 |
| Burkina Faso | 40.5 | 41.5 | 36.7 | 33.3 | 28.4 | 23.9 | 23.1 | 21.8 |
| Burundi | 63.1 | 60.6 | 57.7 | 56.5 | 55.9 | 56.2 | 56.3 | 56.5 |
| Cabo Verde | 17.8 | 15.6 | 13.8 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 9.4 |
| Cameroon | 37.5 | 37.0 | 33.7 | 32.1 | 30.5 | 28.5 | 27.9 | 26.9 |
| Central African Republic | 43.1 | 43.6 | 41.7 | 40.6 | 40.9 | 40.5 | 40.3 | 39.8 |
| Chad | 42.0 | 42.6 | 40.5 | 38.9 | 36.9 | 34.4 | 33.6 | 32.3 |
| Comoros | 43.9 | 41.8 | 35.5 | 31.9 | 27.2 | 21.7 | 20.6 | 18.8 |
| Congo | 33.7 | 30.9 | 25.5 | 23.1 | 20.9 | 18.5 | 17.8 | 16.5 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 32.6 | 33.5 | 31.4 | 29.6 | 26.9 | 22.8 | 21.8 | 20.2 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 46.0 | 45.7 | 43.7 | 42.7 | 41.8 | 41.4 | 41.1 | 40.3 |
| Djibouti | 33.7 | 35.8 | 32.2 | 29.6 | 26.1 | 21.5 | 20.5 | 18.7 |
| Egypt | 25.9 | 24.4 | 25.4 | 24.6 | 22.5 | 21.4 | 21.1 | 20.4 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 38.8 | 34.5 | 28.1 | 25.0 | 21.6 | 18.1 | 17.3 | 16.1 |
| Eritrea | 43.5 | 46.8 | 51.2 | 51.6 | 52.2 | 51.8 | 51.3 | 50.2 |
| Eswatini | 35.8 | 33.9 | 30.2 | 28.0 | 25.6 | 23.1 | 22.4 | 21.2 |
| Ethiopia | 57.0 | 51.3 | 44.7 | 42.1 | 39.5 | 36.6 | 35.8 | 34.4 |
| Gabon | 25.5 | 23.3 | 19.0 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 14.6 | 14.2 | 13.4 |
| Gambia | 27.8 | 27.1 | 24.2 | 22.3 | 19.8 | 15.7 | 15.0 | 13.6 |
| Ghana | 32.6 | 30.4 | 24.9 | 22.0 | 18.5 | 15.0 | 14.2 | 12.7 |
| Guinea | 33.0 | 35.5 | 35.0 | 33.7 | 32.2 | 29.8 | 29.1 | 27.9 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 33.8 | 32.0 | 30.3 | 29.3 | 28.8 | 28.5 | 28.2 | 27.7 |
| Kenya | 38.5 | 37.3 | 31.7 | 28.6 | 24.9 | 21.1 | 20.1 | 18.4 |
| Lesotho | 41.6 | 42.2 | 39.6 | 37.5 | 34.6 | 32.6 | 32.3 | 31.8 |
| Liberia | 44.9 | 41.3 | 37.0 | 35.0 | 32.6 | 29.2 | 28.0 | 26.6 |
| Libya | 18.4 | 21.2 | 26.3 | 30.0 | 37.7 | 47.9 | 49.6 | 52.2 |
| Madagascar | 55.2 | 53.1 | 49.2 | 47.3 | 45.0 | 41.4 | 40.4 | 38.6 |
| Malawi | 56.0 | 53.4 | 47.0 | 43.6 | 39.4 | 36.1 | 35.3 | 34.0 |
| Mali | 39.5 | 37.0 | 32.7 | 30.7 | 28.6 | 25.6 | 24.9 | 23.8 |
| Mauritania | 39.3 | 32.1 | 27.3 | 26.0 | 25.1 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.1 |
| Mauritius | 12.6 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.6 |
| Morocco | 25.2 | 20.3 | 16.8 | 15.8 | 14.8 | 13.8 | 13.4 | 12.8 |
| Mozambique | 48.6 | 46.3 | 43.6 | 42.6 | 41.4 | 38.5 | 37.7 | 36.4 |
| Namibia | 29.7 | 29.4 | 26.1 | 24.0 | 21.2 | 18.3 | 17.8 | 16.8 |
| Niger | 53.2 | 51.0 | 47.8 | 46.6 | 46.0 | 46.6 | 46.8 | 47.4 |
| Nigeria | 41.7 | 40.9 | 38.8 | 37.7 | 36.7 | 35.4 | 35.0 | 34.2 |
| Rwanda | 48.5 | 49.1 | 44.8 | 41.2 | 36.7 | 32.6 | 31.6 | 29.8 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 31.3 | 27.1 | 21.2 | 18.8 | 15.6 | 12.0 | 11.3 | 10.0 |
| Senegal | 24.7 | 21.3 | 19.0 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.0 |
| Seychelles | 10.6 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.2 |
| Sierra Leone | 38.1 | 39.0 | 36.9 | 34.9 | 32.3 | 28.1 | 27.4 | 26.0 |
| Somalia | 33.0 | 33.9 | 30.1 | 27.6 | 24.2 | 20.3 | 19.4 | 18.0 |
| South Africa | 26.6 | 26.2 | 23.4 | 22.5 | 22.3 | 22.5 | 22.6 | 22.8 |
| South Sudan | 39.0 | 35.9 | 32.1 | 30.8 | 29.9 | 29.1 | 28.7 | 27.9 |
| Sudan | 39.3 | 37.8 | 36.5 | 36.0 | 36.2 | 36.5 | 36.4 | 36.0 |
| Togo | 32.1 | 31.0 | 28.7 | 27.3 | 26.0 | 24.1 | 23.5 | 22.3 |
| Tunisia | 12.6 | 10.9 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.6 |
| Uganda | 44.0 | 41.3 | 36.0 | 33.3 | 29.6 | 25.5 | 24.7 | 23.4 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 47.4 | 44.2 | 40.3 | 38.1 | 35.4 | 32.9 | 32.1 | 30.6 |
| Zambia | 51.8 | 49.4 | 43.7 | 40.8 | 37.6 | 33.2 | 32.3 | 31.4 |
| Zimbabwe | 32.8 | 34.8 | 33.5 | 31.1 | 26.8 | 23.1 | 22.5 | 21.6 |
SOURCE: UNICEF, WHO & World Bank. 2023. UNICEF-WHO-World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends (2023 edition). [Cited 24 April 2023]. https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-report-2023
TABLE 22
Prevalence of wasting among children under five years of age (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2022 | |
| WORLD | 8.7 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 |
| Africa | 5.8 | ||||||
| Central Africa | 5.6 | ||||||
| Eastern Africa | 5.0 | ||||||
| Northern Africa | 6.3 | ||||||
| Southern Africa | 3.5 | ||||||
| Western Africa | 6.7 | ||||||
| Algeria | 3.1 | 2.7 | |||||
| Angola | 4.9 | ||||||
| Botswana | 5.9 | ||||||
| Burkina Faso | 15.5 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 8.0 | |||
| Burundi | 8.1 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 4.9 | |
| Central African Republic | 10.4 | 7.4 | 5.4 | ||||
| Chad | 13.9 | 16.3 | 13.3 | 13.9 | 9.5 | 8.3 | |
| Comoros | 13.3 | ||||||
| Congo | 8.0 | ||||||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 8.5 | ||||||
| Djibouti | 10.6 | ||||||
| Egypt | 5.3 | ||||||
| Equatorial Guinea | 9.2 | ||||||
| Eritrea | 14.6 | ||||||
| Eswatini | 1.7 | 0.8 | |||||
| Ethiopia | 12.4 | 12.4 | 6.8 | ||||
| Gabon | 4.2 | 3.4 | |||||
| Gambia | 9.1 | 9.5 | 5.1 | ||||
| Guinea | 11.0 | ||||||
| Guinea-Bissau | 11.8 | 5.9 | 5.1 | ||||
| Kenya | 7.4 | 6.9 | 4.9 | ||||
| Liberia | 7.4 | 4.0 | 3.4 | ||||
| Malawi | 6.8 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 2.6 | ||
| Mali | 8.9 | 13.5 | 9.1 | 7.2 | 10.6 | ||
| Mauritania | 15.3 | 14.8 | 11.1 | 6.4 | 13.6 | ||
| Morocco | 2.3 | ||||||
| Mozambique | 4.4 | 3.9 | |||||
| Namibia | 10.0 | ||||||
| Niger | 16.2 | 15.8 | 13.6 | 9.8 | 12.0 | 10.9 | |
| Nigeria | 7.3 | 6.5 | |||||
| Rwanda | 8.7 | 4.9 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 1.1 | ||
| Sao Tome and Principe | 4.1 | ||||||
| Senegal | 10.0 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 8.1 | |||
| Sierra Leone | 11.6 | 10.2 | 7.5 | 5.4 | |||
| South Africa | 4.6 | ||||||
| South Sudan | 22.7 | ||||||
| Sudan | 15.4 | ||||||
| Togo | 4.8 | ||||||
| Tunisia | 2.9 | ||||||
| Uganda | 5.0 | 5.7 | 3.6 | ||||
| United Republic of Tanzania | 4.9 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 3.3 | |||
| Zimbabwe | 7.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.9 |
SOURCE: UNICEF, WHO & World Bank. 2023. UNICEF-WHO-World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends (2023 edition). [Cited 24 April 2023]. https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-report-2023
TABLE 23
Prevalence of overweight among children under five years of age (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2022 | |
| WORLD | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| Africa | 6.2 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 |
| Central Africa | 5.8 | 6.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
| Eastern Africa | 5.4 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| Northern Africa | 10.4 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.3 |
| Southern Africa | 11.1 | 11.4 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.4 |
| Western Africa | 4.5 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
| Algeria | 12.8 | 15.4 | 14.6 | 13.5 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.9 |
| Angola | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.9 |
| Benin | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.2 |
| Botswana | 9.8 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 |
| Burkina Faso | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Burundi | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 |
| Cameroon | 8.0 | 10.1 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 9.5 | 10.5 |
| Central African Republic | 7.3 | 6.6 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Chad | 3.4 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
| Comoros | 13.5 | 16.4 | 12.8 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 7.7 |
| Congo | 6.8 | 7.1 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 4.9 | 5.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 6.5 | 6.9 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
| Djibouti | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.2 |
| Egypt | 12.1 | 14.8 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 16.2 | 17.3 | 17.8 | 18.8 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 7.9 | 9.8 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 |
| Eritrea | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.0 |
| Eswatini | 12.8 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
| Ethiopia | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| Gabon | 6.1 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.4 |
| Gambia | 3.3 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| Ghana | 3.6 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
| Guinea | 5.2 | 6.5 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.6 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 4.8 | 5.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
| Kenya | 7.4 | 6.9 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Lesotho | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 |
| Liberia | 4.4 | 5.0 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 5.3 |
| Libya | 16.2 | 22.9 | 26.5 | 26.4 | 26.6 | 27.6 | 27.9 | 28.7 |
| Madagascar | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Malawi | 12.1 | 9.7 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 |
| Mali | 2.8 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.0 |
| Mauritania | 3.5 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Mauritius | 8.8 | 10.3 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 |
| Morocco | 13.3 | 14.5 | 11.3 | 9.5 | 7.5 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.9 |
| Mozambique | 6.6 | 7.2 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Namibia | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
| Niger | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.7 |
| Nigeria | 5.6 | 5.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| Rwanda | 7.2 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.7 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 3.1 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.7 |
| Senegal | 3.1 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.4 |
| Seychelles | 10.4 | 12.4 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 |
| Sierra Leone | 4.7 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.2 |
| Somalia | 4.5 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| South Africa | 11.7 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.1 |
| South Sudan | 9.3 | 9.7 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.7 |
| Sudan | 3.6 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 |
| Togo | 2.6 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.2 |
| Tunisia | 4.0 | 7.4 | 11.4 | 12.7 | 14.8 | 17.6 | 18.2 | 19.0 |
| Uganda | 5.6 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 5.1 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Zambia | 8.8 | 9.0 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| Zimbabwe | 8.3 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
SOURCE: UNICEF, WHO & World Bank. 2023. UNICEF-WHO-World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends (2023 edition). [Cited 24 April 2023]. https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme-report-2023
TABLE 24
Prevalence of anaemia among women aged 15 to 49 years (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2015 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
| WORLD | 31.2 | 29.9 | 28.6 | 28.5 | 28.8 | 29.3 | 29.6 | 29.9 |
| Africa | 44.5 | 42.6 | 39.9 | 39.2 | 38.8 | 38.7 | 38.8 | 38.9 |
| Central Africa | 51.0 | 50.1 | 47.4 | 46.1 | 44.5 | 43.8 | 43.5 | 43.2 |
| Eastern Africa | 38.8 | 35.9 | 32.2 | 31.4 | 31.3 | 31.5 | 31.7 | 31.9 |
| Northern Africa | 36.6 | 34.9 | 32.6 | 31.9 | 31.3 | 31.1 | 31.1 | 31.1 |
| Southern Africa | 35.1 | 32.3 | 29.1 | 28.5 | 28.8 | 29.3 | 29.8 | 30.3 |
| Western Africa | 56.7 | 55.4 | 53.5 | 52.9 | 52.4 | 52.0 | 51.9 | 51.8 |
| Algeria | 37.6 | 35.2 | 33.3 | 32.9 | 32.8 | 33.0 | 33.1 | 33.3 |
| Angola | 51.8 | 50.1 | 46.9 | 45.9 | 45.0 | 44.7 | 44.6 | 44.5 |
| Benin | 62.1 | 60.1 | 56.7 | 55.5 | 55.0 | 55.0 | 55.1 | 55.2 |
| Botswana | 36.4 | 34.2 | 31.7 | 31.3 | 31.6 | 32.1 | 32.3 | 32.5 |
| Burkina Faso | 56.4 | 54.9 | 53.5 | 53.3 | 53.1 | 52.8 | 52.6 | 52.5 |
| Burundi | 36.9 | 33.1 | 30.6 | 31.1 | 33.7 | 36.0 | 37.2 | 38.5 |
| Cabo Verde | 32.4 | 29.8 | 27.6 | 26.9 | 25.8 | 25.0 | 24.6 | 24.3 |
| Cameroon | 42.3 | 42.5 | 41.4 | 41.2 | 40.9 | 40.6 | 40.6 | 40.6 |
| Central African Republic | 50.9 | 50.1 | 48.5 | 47.9 | 47.7 | 47.2 | 47.0 | 46.8 |
| Chad | 52.4 | 52.3 | 50.3 | 49.2 | 47.6 | 46.4 | 45.9 | 45.4 |
| Comoros | 38.4 | 35.8 | 33.2 | 32.8 | 33.0 | 33.3 | 33.5 | 33.8 |
| Congo | 57.1 | 56.9 | 54.4 | 53.1 | 51.1 | 49.8 | 49.2 | 48.8 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 54.1 | 53.5 | 52.5 | 52.2 | 51.7 | 51.3 | 51.1 | 50.9 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 52.7 | 51.5 | 48.1 | 46.4 | 44.1 | 43.0 | 42.6 | 42.4 |
| Djibouti | 37.2 | 33.3 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 31.3 | 31.8 | 32.0 | 32.3 |
| Egypt | 35.5 | 34.5 | 31.9 | 31.0 | 29.7 | 28.8 | 28.5 | 28.3 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 56.3 | 52.7 | 48.7 | 47.4 | 45.8 | 45.0 | 44.7 | 44.5 |
| Eritrea | 41.2 | 39.1 | 36.7 | 36.2 | 36.3 | 36.6 | 36.8 | 37.0 |
| Eswatini | 34.4 | 31.4 | 30.5 | 30.0 | 29.8 | 30.1 | 30.4 | 30.7 |
| Ethiopia | 33.0 | 28.3 | 23.2 | 22.4 | 22.5 | 23.0 | 23.4 | 23.9 |
| Gabon | 58.5 | 57.9 | 56.3 | 55.3 | 54.0 | 53.2 | 52.8 | 52.4 |
| Gambia | 62.1 | 60.6 | 57.9 | 56.4 | 53.9 | 51.7 | 50.6 | 49.5 |
| Ghana | 49.0 | 49.3 | 46.3 | 44.2 | 40.7 | 37.8 | 36.6 | 35.4 |
| Guinea | 52.4 | 52.6 | 51.4 | 50.9 | 49.9 | 49.0 | 48.5 | 48.0 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 53.8 | 52.7 | 50.7 | 49.9 | 49.1 | 48.5 | 48.3 | 48.1 |
| Kenya | 39.8 | 34.3 | 29.3 | 28.4 | 28.1 | 28.2 | 28.4 | 28.7 |
| Lesotho | 36.5 | 32.6 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.5 | 27.3 | 27.5 | 27.9 |
| Liberia | 53.0 | 48.7 | 44.8 | 43.6 | 42.7 | 42.4 | 42.5 | 42.6 |
| Libya | 32.6 | 30.7 | 28.8 | 28.6 | 28.9 | 29.4 | 29.6 | 29.9 |
| Madagascar | 42.6 | 40.5 | 37.9 | 37.5 | 37.4 | 37.5 | 37.7 | 37.8 |
| Malawi | 37.9 | 36.0 | 31.5 | 30.6 | 30.4 | 30.8 | 31.0 | 31.4 |
| Mali | 62.9 | 61.0 | 58.6 | 58.2 | 58.3 | 58.6 | 58.8 | 59.0 |
| Mauritania | 48.7 | 47.7 | 45.9 | 45.1 | 44.2 | 43.7 | 43.5 | 43.3 |
| Mauritius | 18.6 | 18.7 | 18.7 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 22.0 | 22.7 | 23.5 |
| Morocco | 35.3 | 33.2 | 30.5 | 29.8 | 29.5 | 29.6 | 29.7 | 29.9 |
| Mozambique | 49.4 | 50.3 | 49.2 | 48.8 | 48.3 | 48.1 | 48.0 | 47.9 |
| Namibia | 30.4 | 27.5 | 25.1 | 24.7 | 24.5 | 24.6 | 24.8 | 25.2 |
| Niger | 51.8 | 50.0 | 49.0 | 49.1 | 49.3 | 49.5 | 49.5 | 49.5 |
| Nigeria | 58.8 | 57.1 | 55.3 | 54.9 | 54.9 | 54.9 | 55.0 | 55.1 |
| Rwanda | 25.1 | 22.2 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 17.8 | 17.4 | 17.3 | 17.2 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 51.9 | 49.3 | 46.4 | 45.7 | 45.0 | 44.5 | 44.3 | 44.2 |
| Senegal | 59.8 | 59.2 | 56.9 | 55.9 | 54.5 | 53.6 | 53.1 | 52.7 |
| Seychelles | 27.6 | 26.1 | 23.8 | 23.5 | 23.9 | 24.4 | 24.7 | 25.1 |
| Sierra Leone | 54.0 | 51.0 | 48.3 | 47.9 | 47.8 | 48.1 | 48.2 | 48.4 |
| Somalia | 47.9 | 46.6 | 44.6 | 44.0 | 43.5 | 43.3 | 43.2 | 43.1 |
| South Africa | 35.2 | 32.4 | 29.1 | 28.6 | 28.9 | 29.5 | 29.9 | 30.5 |
| South Sudan | 39.5 | 37.6 | 35.1 | 34.7 | 34.8 | 35.2 | 35.4 | 35.6 |
| Sudan | 42.9 | 40.2 | 37.4 | 36.8 | 36.3 | 36.4 | 36.4 | 36.5 |
| Togo | 49.7 | 49.3 | 48.0 | 47.4 | 46.7 | 46.1 | 45.9 | 45.7 |
| Tunisia | 31.5 | 30.9 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 30.8 | 31.4 | 31.7 | 32.1 |
| Uganda | 39.3 | 36.0 | 32.0 | 31.3 | 31.5 | 32.0 | 32.4 | 32.8 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 46.5 | 45.1 | 41.4 | 40.3 | 39.7 | 39.1 | 39.0 | 38.9 |
| Zambia | 35.6 | 33.6 | 30.9 | 30.5 | 30.7 | 31.0 | 31.2 | 31.5 |
| Zimbabwe | 33.9 | 32.8 | 30.9 | 30.0 | 29.1 | 28.8 | 28.8 | 28.9 |
NOTE: The estimates refer to women aged 15 to 49 years, including pregnant, non-pregnant and lactating women, and were adjusted for altitude and smoking. WHO defines anaemia in pregnant women as a haemoglobin concentration below 110 g/L at sea level, and below 120 g/L for non-pregnant and lactating women.
SOURCE: WHO. 2021. Global anaemia estimates, Edition 2021. In: WHO | Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository. [Cited 20 April 2023]. www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/anaemia_in_women_and_children
SOURCE: WHO. 2021. Global anaemia estimates, Edition 2021. In: WHO | Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository. [Cited 20 April 2023]. www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/anaemia_in_women_and_children
TABLE 25
Prevalence of obesity among adults (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
| WORLD | 8.7 | 9.9 | 11.2 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 13.1 |
| Africa | 7.9 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 11.5 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 12.8 |
| Central Africa | 3.8 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 7.9 |
| Eastern Africa | 3.2 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 6.4 |
| Northern Africa | 17.0 | 19.3 | 22.0 | 23.0 | 24.1 | 24.6 | 25.2 |
| Southern Africa | 18.7 | 21.3 | 24.0 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 26.6 | 27.1 |
| Western Africa | 4.2 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 8.9 |
| Algeria | 17.4 | 20.2 | 23.3 | 24.7 | 26.0 | 26.7 | 27.4 |
| Angola | 3.6 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 8.2 |
| Benin | 5.0 | 6.2 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 9.6 |
| Botswana | 13.1 | 15.1 | 16.9 | 17.5 | 18.2 | 18.6 | 18.9 |
| Burkina Faso | 2.1 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.6 |
| Burundi | 2.4 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.4 |
| Cabo Verde | 6.3 | 7.9 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 11.4 | 11.8 |
| Cameroon | 5.8 | 7.3 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 11.4 |
| Central African Republic | 3.9 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.5 |
| Chad | 2.9 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.1 |
| Comoros | 4.1 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.8 |
| Congo | 5.2 | 6.3 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 9.6 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 5.0 | 6.3 | 7.9 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 10.3 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 3.1 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.7 |
| Djibouti | 9.3 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 12.9 | 13.2 | 13.5 |
| Egypt | 22.2 | 24.9 | 28.0 | 29.3 | 30.6 | 31.3 | 32.0 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 4.3 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 8.0 |
| Eritrea | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 5.0 |
| Eswatini | 10.7 | 12.4 | 14.1 | 14.9 | 15.7 | 16.1 | 16.5 |
| Ethiopia | 1.9 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.5 |
| Gabon | 9.3 | 11.1 | 12.8 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 15.0 |
| Gambia | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.5 | 9.9 | 10.3 |
| Ghana | 5.5 | 7.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 10.9 |
| Guinea | 3.7 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 7.7 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 4.3 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 9.5 |
| Kenya | 3.2 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.1 |
| Lesotho | 10.0 | 11.9 | 14.1 | 14.9 | 15.7 | 16.2 | 16.6 |
| Liberia | 5.6 | 6.6 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 9.9 |
| Libya | 23.5 | 26.0 | 28.8 | 30.0 | 31.3 | 31.9 | 32.5 |
| Madagascar | 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
| Malawi | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.8 |
| Mali | 3.8 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 8.6 |
| Mauritania | 6.7 | 8.4 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 12.7 |
| Mauritius | 6.8 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 10.8 |
| Morocco | 16.7 | 19.2 | 22.1 | 23.4 | 24.7 | 25.4 | 26.1 |
| Mozambique | 3.7 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.2 |
| Namibia | 9.5 | 11.6 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 16.1 | 16.7 | 17.2 |
| Niger | 2.5 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.5 |
| Nigeria | 4.0 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 8.9 |
| Rwanda | 2.3 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.8 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 6.3 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.0 | 12.4 |
| Senegal | 4.7 | 5.8 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 8.8 |
| Seychelles | 8.6 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 12.4 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 14.0 |
| Sierra Leone | 4.4 | 5.5 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.3 | 8.7 |
| Somalia | 4.1 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 8.3 |
| South Africa | 19.7 | 22.3 | 25.1 | 26.1 | 27.2 | 27.8 | 28.3 |
| Togo | 4.1 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 8.4 |
| Tunisia | 18.2 | 20.7 | 23.4 | 24.6 | 25.7 | 26.3 | 26.9 |
| Uganda | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.3 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 3.8 | 4.9 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 8.4 |
| Zambia | 4.2 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 8.1 |
| Zimbabwe | 10.5 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 15.5 |
SOURCE: WHO. 2020. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository. In: WHO. [Cited 28 April 2020]. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A900A?lang=en
TABLE 26
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0–5 months of age (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2012 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| WORLD | 37.0 | 47.7 | |||||
| Africa | 35.4 | 44.3 | |||||
| Central Africa | 28.4 | 44.4 | |||||
| Eastern Africa | 48.6 | 59.1 | |||||
| Northern Africa | 40.8 | n.a. | |||||
| Southern Africa | n.a. | 32.8 | |||||
| Western Africa | 22.1 | 35.1 | |||||
| Algeria | 12.6 | 25.4 | 28.6 | ||||
| Angola | 37.4 | ||||||
| Benin | 32.5 | ||||||
| Burkina Faso | 38.2 | 57.9 | |||||
| Burundi | 59.2 | 71.9 | |||||
| Cabo Verde | 59.6 | ||||||
| Central African Republic | 16.5 | 36.2 | |||||
| Chad | 10.1 | 0.1 | 16.2 | ||||
| Comoros | 10.2 | 11.4 | |||||
| Congo | 19.1 | ||||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | 8.5 | 11.8 | 34.0 | ||||
| Djibouti | 12.4 | ||||||
| Egypt | 56.1 | 41.1 | |||||
| Equatorial Guinea | 20.3 | ||||||
| Eswatini | 22.0 | ||||||
| Ethiopia | 54.1 | 48.8 | 58.8 | ||||
| Gabon | 5.4 | 5.1 | |||||
| Gambia | 24.6 | 53.6 | |||||
| Guinea | 27.0 | 20.4 | |||||
| Guinea-Bissau | 27.5 | 59.3 | |||||
| Kenya | 13.8 | ||||||
| Lesotho | 14.2 | ||||||
| Liberia | 35.4 | 55.2 | |||||
| Madagascar | 40.7 | 41.9 | 54.4 | ||||
| Malawi | 44.0 | 59.4 | 64.1 | ||||
| Mali | 31.5 | 40.5 | 51.8 | 47.7 | |||
| Mauritania | 20.2 | 41.1 | 40.9 | ||||
| Namibia | 16.6 | ||||||
| Niger | 1.1 | 23.3 | 21.6 | 21.2 | 25.6 | ||
| Rwanda | 83.0 | 88.4 | 86.9 | 80.9 | |||
| Sao Tome and Principe | 53.1 | 63.1 | |||||
| Senegal | 30.9 | 33.3 | 40.8 | ||||
| Sierra Leone | 2.8 | 8.4 | 54.0 | 50.9 | |||
| Togo | 17.4 | ||||||
| Tunisia | 8.5 | ||||||
| Uganda | 62.5 | ||||||
| United Republic of Tanzania | 59.0 | ||||||
| Zimbabwe | 21.7 | 47.1 | 41.9 |
SOURCE: UNICEF. 2022. Infant and young child feeding. In: UNICEF. [Cited 6 April 2023]. https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/infant-and-young-child-feeding/
TABLE 27
Prevalence of low birthweight (percent)
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| WORLD | 16.6 | 16.1 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 14.7 |
| Africa | 15.5 | 15.0 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 13.9 | 13.9 |
| Central Africa | 14.0 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 12.3 | 12.2 |
| Eastern Africa | 15.5 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 14.1 | 14.0 |
| Northern Africa | 14.2 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.1 |
| Southern Africa | 16.9 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 16.4 |
| Western Africa | 16.4 | 15.7 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 14.3 | 14.3 |
| Algeria | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.2 |
| Angola | 17.4 | 16.5 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 |
| Benin | 18.8 | 18.3 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 16.6 | 16.4 |
| Botswana | 18.1 | 18.2 | 17.6 | 17.3 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 16.8 |
| Burkina Faso | 20.3 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 18.5 | 18.5 |
| Burundi | 15.6 | 15.4 | 15.2 | 15.1 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 14.8 |
| Cameroon | 13.3 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Central African Republic | 15.2 | 15.5 | 15.7 | 15.9 | 16.4 | 16.3 | 16.4 |
| Comoros | 25.5 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 24.1 | 23.8 | 23.2 | 23.0 |
| Congo | 12.8 | 12.4 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 11.9 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 19.4 | 19.4 | 19.3 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 18.4 | 18.3 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 12.4 | 11.9 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.2 | 10.2 |
| Eritrea | 16.0 | 15.7 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 15.2 |
| Eswatini | 11.1 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.2 |
| Gabon | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.1 | 14.9 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.6 |
| Gambia | 14.5 | 14.2 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 13.3 | 13.2 |
| Ghana | 15.8 | 15.6 | 15.1 | 14.9 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 14.4 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 24.4 | 23.4 | 22.2 | 21.8 | 21.0 | 19.8 | 19.5 |
| Kenya | 11.7 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 10.6 | 10.1 | 10.0 |
| Lesotho | 15.0 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 14.4 |
| Liberia | 19.3 | 19.9 | 19.7 | 19.7 | 19.7 | 19.9 | 19.9 |
| Madagascar | 20.0 | 19.9 | 19.6 | 19.5 | 19.3 | 18.8 | 18.7 |
| Malawi | 16.5 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.6 | 15.6 |
| Mauritius | 19.4 | 19.6 | 19.3 | 19.1 | 18.9 | 18.7 | 18.7 |
| Morocco | 18.3 | 17.5 | 16.5 | 16.1 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 14.8 |
| Mozambique | 19.3 | 19.0 | 18.4 | 18.1 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 17.8 |
| Namibia | 16.4 | 16.3 | 16.1 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 15.6 | 15.6 |
| Rwanda | 9.1 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 10.1 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 11.1 |
| Senegal | 22.1 | 20.7 | 19.5 | 19.1 | 18.5 | 17.5 | 17.2 |
| Seychelles | 12.0 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Sierra Leone | 13.9 | 12.7 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 10.5 | 10.3 |
| South Africa | 17.2 | 17.0 | 16.7 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.6 |
| Togo | 15.8 | 15.6 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 14.7 | 14.4 | 14.3 |
| Tunisia | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 12.0 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 9.7 |
| Zambia | 13.1 | 12.7 | 12.2 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 11.4 | 11.2 |
| Zimbabwe | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 11.8 |
SOURCE: UNICEF and WHO. 2023. Low birthweight joint estimates 2023 edition. [Cited 12 July 2023]. www.who.int/teams/nutrition-and-food-safety/ monitoring-nutritional-status-and-food-safety-and-events/joint-low-birthweight-estimates
TABLE 28
Affordability of a healthy diet
| Number of people unable to afford a healthy diet (million) | Percentage of people unable to afford a healthy diet (percent) | |||||||||
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| WORLD | 3 124.9 | 3 019.1 | 3 005.5 | 3 191.9 | 3 139.5 | 43.8 | 41.8 | 41.2 | 43.3 | 42.2 |
| Africa | 954.6 | 973.4 | 989.4 | 1 020.7 | 1 040.5 | 78.5 | 78.0 | 77.4 | 77.9 | 77.5 |
| Central Africa | 141.1 | 143.0 | 145.7 | 150.5 | 154.5 | 84.7 | 83.1 | 82.1 | 82.2 | 81.9 |
| Eastern Africa | 328.8 | 334.2 | 341.3 | 352.7 | 361.9 | 85.6 | 84.7 | 84.2 | 84.7 | 84.6 |
| Northern Africa | 126.1 | 131.8 | 131.3 | 131.9 | 128.5 | 54.6 | 56.0 | 54.7 | 54.0 | 51.7 |
| Southern Africa | 42.5 | 42.7 | 43.4 | 45.3 | 45.6 | 65.6 | 65.2 | 65.4 | 67.4 | 67.0 |
| Western Africa | 316.1 | 321.7 | 327.6 | 340.3 | 350.1 | 85.5 | 84.7 | 84.1 | 85.1 | 85.4 |
| Algeria | 13.4 | 13.1 | 12.5 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 32.5 | 31.2 | 29.2 | 31.1 | 32.4 |
| Angola | 24.6 | 25.8 | 27.1 | 29.0 | 30.4 | 81.4 | 82.7 | 83.9 | 86.7 | 88.1 |
| Benin | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 90.6 | 86.8 | 82.4 | 82.1 | 82.6 |
| Botswana | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 63.2 | 60.8 | 59.8 | 63.4 | 60.3 |
| Burkina Faso | 16.5 | 16.3 | 16.1 | 16.7 | 17.2 | 83.0 | 79.7 | 76.8 | 77.6 | 77.6 |
| Burundi | 10.7 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 11.7 | 12.0 | 95.8 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.7 | 95.9 |
| Cabo Verde | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 44.5 | 42.2 | 39.7 | 44.0 | 41.2 |
| Cameroon | 14.4 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 15.8 | 16.5 | 59.2 | 58.8 | 58.7 | 59.8 | 60.5 |
| Central African Republic | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 94.6 | 94.5 | 94.4 | 94.5 | 94.6 |
| Chad | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 14.3 | 82.7 | 80.9 | 79.3 | 82.4 | 83.1 |
| Congo | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 88.6 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 90.8 | 91.5 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 19.3 | 18.7 | 18.8 | 19.5 | 20.0 | 77.7 | 73.4 | 72.0 | 72.8 | 72.9 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 79.4 | 79.3 | 79.9 | 80.9 | 82.0 | 94.2 | 91.0 | 88.9 | 87.1 | 85.5 |
| Djibouti | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 65.8 | 66.4 | 65.2 | 66.7 | 65.3 |
| Egypt | 68.6 | 72.7 | 70.9 | 67.9 | 67.3 | 67.4 | 70.1 | 67.2 | 63.2 | 61.6 |
| Equatorial Guinea | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Eswatini | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 77.1 | 75.8 | 75.0 | 75.3 | 73.8 |
| Ethiopia | 92.9 | 93.4 | 95.2 | 97.6 | 100.8 | 85.8 | 84.1 | 83.4 | 83.3 | 83.8 |
| Gabon | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 28.5 | 28.6 | 28.4 | 29.9 | 29.9 |
| Gambia | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 72.6 | 70.8 | 69.6 | 71.8 | 72.2 |
| Ghana | 24.2 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 25.1 | 25.4 | 80.0 | 78.6 | 77.0 | 78.1 | 77.4 |
| Guinea | 10.8 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 88.5 | 89.0 | 88.8 | 88.7 | 89.1 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 84.4 | 84.9 | 82.9 | 83.9 | 84.6 |
| Kenya | 37.9 | 37.2 | 37.6 | 38.7 | 39.2 | 77.4 | 74.5 | 73.7 | 74.5 | 74.0 |
| Lesotho | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 83.2 | 83.4 | 83.8 | 87.0 | 87.9 |
| Liberia | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 91.8 | 91.6 | 91.4 | 91.6 | 92.8 |
| Madagascar | 25.4 | 26.1 | 26.7 | 27.6 | 28.3 | 97.1 | 97.3 | 97.1 | 97.8 | 97.8 |
| Malawi | 16.9 | 17.4 | 18.0 | 18.6 | 19.1 | 94.5 | 94.9 | 95.4 | 95.8 | 95.9 |
| Mali | 14.9 | 14.9 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 15.8 | 77.3 | 74.5 | 69.7 | 71.4 | 72.0 |
| Mauritania | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 61.7 | 61.1 | 59.7 | 60.9 | 62.4 |
| Mauritius | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 10.9 | 9.5 | 8.6 | 14.7 | 14.0 |
| Morocco | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 17.7 | 16.8 | 15.7 | 17.7 | 15.5 |
| Mozambique | 26.1 | 26.7 | 27.5 | 28.7 | 29.7 | 91.2 | 90.6 | 90.8 | 91.9 | 92.5 |
| Namibia | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 55.4 | 55.2 | 56.6 | 59.0 | 59.5 |
| Niger | 20.2 | 20.6 | 21.2 | 22.1 | 23.2 | 92.9 | 91.4 | 90.4 | 90.9 | 92.0 |
| Nigeria | 174.6 | 180.6 | 186.7 | 194.0 | 199.5 | 90.2 | 91.1 | 91.8 | 93.1 | 93.5 |
| Rwanda | 10.6 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 87.0 | 83.9 | 81.9 | 84.6 | 82.0 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 76.6 | 76.3 | 76.7 | 77.3 | 78.2 |
| Senegal | 8.1 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 53.5 | 48.0 | 45.9 | 46.2 | 45.0 |
| Seychelles | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.1 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.3 |
| Sierra Leone | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 84.2 | 84.2 | 81.3 | 82.5 | 83.5 |
| South Africa | 37.0 | 37.2 | 37.8 | 39.4 | 39.6 | 65.3 | 64.9 | 65.1 | 67.0 | 66.7 |
| Sudan | 36.0 | 38.2 | 40.5 | 41.8 | 39.0 | 88.4 | 90.9 | 93.6 | 94.1 | 85.4 |
| Tunisia | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 14.4 | 18.0 | 17.1 |
| Uganda | 33.9 | 34.6 | 35.6 | 36.7 | 37.5 | 84.5 | 83.4 | 82.9 | 82.6 | 81.7 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 48.3 | 49.7 | 50.8 | 52.5 | 54.1 | 85.9 | 85.5 | 84.8 | 85.1 | 85.0 |
| Zambia | 15.3 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 17.0 | 17.5 | 88.5 | 88.2 | 88.6 | 89.6 | 90.0 |
| Zimbabwe | 10.0 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 67.8 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
NOTE: n.a. = data not available; n.r. = data not reported.
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet (CoAHD). In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/CAHD
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet (CoAHD). In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/CAHD
TABLE 29
Cost of a healthy diet (PPP dollars per person per day)
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| WORLD | 3.295 | 3.355 | 3.431 | 3.511 | 3.662 |
| Africa | 3.222 | 3.274 | 3.309 | 3.383 | 3.571 |
| Central Africa | 3.292 | 3.287 | 3.301 | 3.373 | 3.551 |
| Eastern Africa | 2.932 | 2.974 | 3.006 | 3.088 | 3.294 |
| Northern Africa | 3.416 | 3.512 | 3.598 | 3.575 | 3.474 |
| Southern Africa | 3.635 | 3.650 | 3.714 | 3.839 | 4.062 |
| Western Africa | 3.247 | 3.340 | 3.365 | 3.448 | 3.710 |
| Algeria | 3.763 | 3.822 | 3.796 | 3.760 | 4.043 |
| Angola | 4.327 | 4.293 | 4.352 | 4.585 | 5.031 |
| Benin | 3.550 | 3.670 | 3.664 | 3.707 | 4.041 |
| Botswana | 3.622 | 3.575 | 3.591 | 3.701 | 3.829 |
| Burkina Faso | 3.173 | 3.296 | 3.240 | 3.345 | 3.611 |
| Burundi | 2.988 | 2.804 | 2.783 | 2.943 | 3.138 |
| Cabo Verde | 3.358 | 3.413 | 3.484 | 3.563 | 3.683 |
| Cameroon | 2.616 | 2.684 | 2.744 | 2.808 | 2.997 |
| Central African Republic | 3.423 | 3.507 | 3.570 | 3.615 | 3.784 |
| Chad | 2.831 | 2.735 | 2.666 | 2.827 | 2.941 |
| Congo | 3.343 | 3.385 | 3.365 | 3.421 | 3.626 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 3.273 | 3.357 | 3.506 | 3.610 | 3.909 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2.921 | 2.580 | 2.393 | 2.242 | 2.253 |
| Djibouti | 2.797 | 2.866 | 2.985 | 3.112 | 3.250 |
| Egypt | 3.457 | 3.507 | 3.503 | 3.369 | 3.506 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 3.526 | 3.599 | 3.635 | 3.676 | 3.751 |
| Eswatini | 3.428 | 3.349 | 3.395 | 3.406 | 3.537 |
| Ethiopia | 3.108 | 3.147 | 3.290 | 3.407 | 3.706 |
| Gabon | 3.358 | 3.403 | 3.485 | 3.553 | 3.704 |
| Gambia | 2.942 | 3.008 | 3.054 | 3.110 | 3.324 |
| Ghana | 3.767 | 3.860 | 3.942 | 4.036 | 4.237 |
| Guinea | 3.655 | 3.863 | 4.001 | 4.127 | 4.443 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 3.164 | 3.254 | 3.335 | 3.434 | 3.694 |
| Kenya | 2.846 | 2.823 | 2.907 | 2.968 | 3.189 |
| Lesotho | 3.770 | 3.878 | 4.010 | 4.266 | 4.618 |
| Liberia | 4.018 | 4.032 | 3.852 | 3.907 | 4.447 |
| Madagascar | 2.987 | 3.122 | 3.154 | 3.181 | 3.382 |
| Malawi | 2.724 | 2.809 | 2.989 | 3.149 | 3.365 |
| Mali | 2.900 | 3.035 | 2.960 | 3.053 | 3.230 |
| Mauritania | 3.451 | 3.574 | 3.654 | 3.692 | 3.948 |
| Mauritius | 3.313 | 3.396 | 3.439 | 3.604 | 3.785 |
| Morocco | 2.710 | 2.752 | 2.759 | 2.797 | 2.905 |
| Mozambique | 3.031 | 2.988 | 3.057 | 3.228 | 3.548 |
| Namibia | 3.255 | 3.300 | 3.378 | 3.520 | 3.761 |
| Niger | 2.850 | 2.812 | 2.792 | 2.902 | 3.155 |
| Nigeria | 3.565 | 3.724 | 3.870 | 4.016 | 4.325 |
| Rwanda | 2.609 | 2.483 | 2.537 | 2.698 | 2.718 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 3.288 | 3.394 | 3.503 | 3.634 | 3.869 |
| Senegal | 2.190 | 2.250 | 2.278 | 2.330 | 2.443 |
| Seychelles | 4.010 | 3.959 | 3.948 | 3.784 | 4.131 |
| Sierra Leone | 2.842 | 2.952 | 2.847 | 2.893 | 3.167 |
| South Africa | 4.102 | 4.147 | 4.199 | 4.299 | 4.565 |
| Sudan | 3.674 | 3.921 | 4.306 | 4.308 | 3.081 |
| Tunisia | 3.476 | 3.559 | 3.628 | 3.639 | 3.833 |
| Uganda | 2.749 | 2.712 | 2.679 | 2.671 | 2.774 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 2.598 | 2.648 | 2.681 | 2.736 | 2.866 |
| Zambia | 3.085 | 3.150 | 3.245 | 3.300 | 3.616 |
| Zimbabwe | 2.200 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
NOTE: n.r. = data not reported.
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet (CoAHD). In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/CAHD
SOURCE: FAO. 2023. Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet (CoAHD). In: FAOSTAT. Rome. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/CAHD