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Manual on the diagnosis of nipah virus infection in animals












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    Book (series) 
    Manual on the diagnosis of Nipah virus infection in animals 2002
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    Booklet
    FAO Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD). Protecting people and animals. Annual report 2017 2018
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    As part of the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats 2 (EPT2) programme, FAO works closely with the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry to build greater capacity to address emerging infectious diseases and zoonoses. The global health threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), was given greater attention within the ECTAD programme this year and both AMR and communicating One Health to the public will receive even more support in the final year of the EPT2 programme. To accomplish its objectives, the FAO Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) works closely with Government of Indonesia line ministries, local government Livestock and Animal Health Services, WHO, USAID, the Australia AIP-EID project, private sector partners and civil society organisations.
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    Article
    Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem, 2015–2019 2021
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    Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in Africa, the Middle East and Asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. Many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to PPR virus (PPRV) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. The role of wild species in PPRV epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR. These studies aimed to investigate PPRV infection in wild artiodactyls in the Greater Serengeti and Amboseli ecosystems of Kenya and Tanzania. Out of 132 animals purposively sampled in 2015–2016, 19.7% were PPRV seropositive by ID Screen PPR competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA; IDvet, France) from the following species: African buffalo, wildebeest, topi, kongoni, Grant’s gazelle, impala, Thomson’s gazelle, warthog and gerenuk, while waterbuck and lesser kudu were seronegative. In 2018–2019, a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected African buffalo and Grant’s gazelle herds was conducted. The weighted estimate of PPRV seroprevalence was 12.0% out of 191 African buffalo and 1.1% out of 139 Grant’s gazelles. All ocular and nasal swabs and faeces were negative by PPRV real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Investigations of a PPR-like disease in sheep and goats confirmed PPRV circulation in the area by rapid detection test and/or RT-qPCR. These results demonstrated serological evidence of PPRV infection in wild artiodactyl species at the wildlife–livestock interface in this ecosystem where PPRV is endemic in domestic small ruminants. Exposure to PPRV could be via spillover from infected small ruminants or from transmission between wild animals, while the relatively low seroprevalence suggests that sustained transmission is unlikely. Further studies of other major wild artiodactyls in this ecosystem are required, such as impala, Thomson’s gazelle and wildebeest.

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