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Book (stand-alone)Rural household vulnerability and insurance against commodity risks
Evidence from the United Republic of Tanzania
2007Also available in:
No results found.This report has two objectives. It assesses the nature and the extent of vulnerability among rural households in Tanzania with a particular focus on smallholder cash crop growers through exploring all risks, including the decline in commodity prices. It further explores the potential role for market based insurance schemes such as commodity price and weather based insurance to mitigate household vulnerability. The empirical analysis is based on two rounds of specifically designed r epresentative surveys of farm households in Kilimanjaro and Ruvuma, two cash crop growing regions in the United Republic of Tanzania in 2003 and 2004. The contrasting experiences of a richer (Kilimanjaro) and a poorer (Ruvuma) region substantially enriches the policy guidance emerging from the report. The report applies descriptive, econometric and contingent valuation techniques to achieve its objectives. The findings identify drought, health and commodity price shocks as the key risks faced by rural households in Kilimanjaro and Ruvuma. The welfare losses associated with these shocks are substantial. Households extensively use self and mutual insurance to cope with these shocks, but nonetheless, there remains substantial uninsured risks as indicated by the considerable stated demand for coffee and weather based insurance which could have important societal benefits. The latent demand for insurance further suggests that current ways of coping may not be eff icient and that there may be important economic opportunities which insurance could open up. Liquidity constraints emerge as important impediments in adopting such market based insurance schemes. Great care will need to go into the design and institutional delivery mechanisms of market based insurance. The establishment of interlinked markets such as input, credit and insurance packages deserves special attention in this regard. Finally, other, more traditional, public intervention s such as providing public health services, fostering connectivity and access to off-farm employment, and better water management techniques were also identified as promising household vulnerability reducing interventions. -
BookletAquaculture insurance for small-scale producers 2024
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No results found.The FAO Innovation for Blue Transformation Series introduces relevant policy initiatives, mechanisms, and tools available to promote innovation and technical solutions that can accelerate aquatic food system transformation. The series shares brief and practical knowledge needed for sustainable and resilient aquatic food systems that can nourish the world’s growing population, providing solutions to the challenges preventing aquatic food systems from delivering their full potential.This brochure describes why aquaculture insurance is important for the sustainable development and management of the small-scale aquaculture sector. It provides information about types of aquaculture insurance products, their benefits and challenges, and presents market trends and options for making insurance products more available to small-scale producers. Case studies from China and Thailand, as well as an innovative approach to bringing insurance services to aquaculture producers through the existing fish feed industry networks, are presented. -
DocumentClimate Change, Food Security and Insurance Systems for Family Farming
Brazil case: Climate, income and price insurance programs.
2016Also available in:
Family Farming Insurance Disasters resulting from weather changes cause the greatest economic impacts on the region (70% of emergencies are weather-related). Annual costs of approximately 2.2% of the GDP (base year 2010) are estimated to face disasters, in lack of climate change adaptation actions. The global climate risk index estimated based on information from 1995 to 2014, indicates that 4 out of the 10 countries with the highest risk index are in Latin America and the Caribbean: Honduras, H aiti, Nicaragua and Guatemala. In the region, one third of the population lives in high risk zones due to exposure to geological and hydro-meteorological threats. Climate change is also increasing the dispersal area of plant and animal plagues and diseases, in addition to increasing the probability of outbreaks and intensified effects. Through the enactment of Law 5,969 of 1973, Brazil established the Agricultural and Livestock Activity Guarantee Program (PROAGRO) to protect farmers from rural loan obligations. In 2004, it created “PROAGRO Mais”, for producers associated to the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Farming (PRONAF). Currently, PROAGRO protects medium-sized farmers (PRONAMP), and PROAGRO Mais protects PRONAF beneficiaries. PROAGRO Mais guarantees, in cost operations, up to 80% of the expected gross income, covering financing and up to R$ 20 thousand of the estimated net income; and for investment operations, coverage limit is 95% of the expected gross inco me, deducting the coverage by cost operations. In cost operations, PRONAF beneficiary participation is mandatory, while in investment operations, it is optional. Harvest Guarantee In Latin America and the Caribbean, family farming is very important for the food security and nutrition of all population. Approximately 81% of agricultural endeavours correspond to family farmers and, depending on the country, they provide 27% to 67% of the food. Family farming generates 57% to 77% of agricultural j obs in the region, so its is a very important job-generation sector. To continue boosting food security and sustainable development, family farming has three important challenges: 1) to produce more assorted and nutritional foods, 2) to continue creating safer and more stable jobs, and 3) to favour the appropriate use of resources used in production. Harvest Guarantee is a program that supports family farmers below the poverty line, with emphasis on the Brazilian Semiarid Zone, where losses due to drought are frequent. It was established by Law 10,420, of April 10, 2002. Price Guarantee for Family Farming This is a Federal Government program that offers the family farmer with PRONAF loan, a protection against price reductions. Currently, 51 products have a guarantee price. Rural population in the region lives in an extremely precarious situation because the poorest population plus the population in economic vulnerability situation correspond to 80% of the total rural population. Many family farmers in this percentage have their livelihoods depending greatly on environmental factors and natural resources.
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