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Coping with Water Scarcity in Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon - GCP/INT/124/ITA

Year of publication 2020

Place of publication Rome, Italy ;

Publisher FAO ;

Product type Project

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) Modern agriculture uses 70 percent of all freshwater withdrawals globally, and up to 95 percent in some developing countries, in order to meet current food demand. In addition, to keep up with growing food demand and shifting diets within the next 30 years, it has been estimated that the effective irrigated area will need to increase by 34 percent in developing countries, and that an extra 14 percent of water will need to be withdrawn for agricultural purposes. In arid and semi-arid regions, increasing numbers of the rural poor have begun to see that entitlement and access to water for food production, livestock and domestic purposes are as critical as access to primary health care and education, while at the same time reverting to a massive use of groundwater resources for irrigation. The current project followed two previous phases of a programme aimed at assisting the agriculture sector to cope with water scarcity and was designed to strengthen national capacities in this sector in Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon.

Language English

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    This publication summarized the activities of the project (Coping with water scarcity – the role of agriculture- Phase III: Strengthening national capacities in Lebanon). The project has helped improve the national, regional and local capacity to cope with water scarcity, as a result of an improved knowledge on how water is being used in the agricultural sector. The ultimate beneficiaries of the project were the communities of the Bekaa area, who benefited from development programme, the pilot p roject and interventions utilizing water for agriculture and more efficiently. Other direct beneficiaries were the government and water management institutions who benefited, through capacity strengthening, of an improved capacity to manage available water resources and wastewater.
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    Water scarcity in Jordan is driven primarily by the arid to semi-arid climatic conditions and has been intensified over recent decades due to population growth. The sustainable use and management of groundwater is of particular concern because of its importance to socio-economic development and local ecosystems. However, groundwater sources are under threat as a result of mismanagement and overexploitation for irrigated agriculture. In addition to placing pressure on Jordan’s supply of groundwater, agricultural activities demand energy, especially for pumping water from wells and pushing it through irrigation systems. Moreover, the lack of local energy resources and the high energy demand for social and economic development present additional challenges. Since agriculture is essential to rural livelihoods in Jordan, interventions are required to reduce the vulnerability and increase the resilience of rural and disadvantaged communities. To this end, the project adopted its defining 3-pronged approach, which focused on (i) water harvesting, (ii) the conjunctive use of groundwater and (iii) solar-powered drip irrigation.
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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Building resilience to cope with climate change in Jordan through improving water use efficiency in the agriculture sector بناء القدرة على التكيف مع تغير المناخ في الأردن من خلال تحسين كفاءة استخدام المياه في قطاع الزراعة 2023
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    Jordan is one of the most water scarce countries in the world and climate change is threatening the livelihoods of thousands of people who depend on agriculture for their well-being. Climate change induced hazards such as droughts, extreme temperatures and flash floods have almost tripled in the country since the 1980s, compared to a doubling worldwide, exposing the population to loss of life, livelihoods and property. This factsheet will give the reader a breief about this project, valued at USD 33.25 million, which specifically targets four Governorates in the Dead Sea Basin – Karak, Madaba, Talifah and Ma’an – which are particularly vulnerable to climate change and climate-induced water stress. The 840 900 inhabitants of these areas are heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture, have high poverty rates among the rural population, and have insufficient know-how and resources to adapt to a changing climate. In line with the objectives of Jordan’s climate change policy (2013–2020) and the National Adaptation Plan (2020), project investments are expected to reach 212 416 people (47% of whom are women), reduce groundwater overdraft by 3% to 3.5%, and contribute up to 4.5% to the water management goals in the National Water Strategy. يعد الأردن أحد أكثر البلدان ندرة في المياه في العالم، ويهدد تغير المناخ سبل عيش الآلاف من الأشخاص الذين يعتمدون على الزراعة في رفاهيتهم. وقد تضاعفت المخاطر الناجمة عن تغير المناخ مثل الجفاف ودرجات الحرارة القصوى والفيضانات المفاجئة ثلاث مرات تقريبًا في البلاد منذ الثمانينيات، مقارنة بتضاعفها في جميع أنحاء العالم، مما يعرض السكان لخسائر في الأرواح وسبل العيش والممتلكات. ستعطي نشرة الحقائق هذه للقارئ نبذة مختصرة عن هذا المشروع، الذي تبلغ قيمته 33.25 مليون دولار أمريكي، والذي يستهدف على وجه التحديد أربع محافظات في حوض البحر الميت - الكرك ومادبا والطليفة ومعان - المعرضة بشكل خاص لتغير المناخ والتأثيرات المناخية. ضغط الماء. ويعتمد سكان هذه المناطق البالغ عددهم 840900 نسمة اعتمادا كبيرا على الزراعة البعلية، وترتفع معدلات الفقر بين سكان الريف، وليس لديهم ما يكفي من الدراية والموارد للتكيف مع تغير المناخ. وتماشياً مع أهداف سياسة الأردن بشأن تغير المناخ (2013-2020) والخطة الوطنية للتكيف (2020)، من المتوقع أن تصل استثمارات المشروع إلى 212416 شخصاً (47% منهم نساء)، وتقليل السحب على المياه الجوفية بنسبة 3% إلى 3.5%. %، والمساهمة بما يصل إلى 4.5% في أهداف إدارة المياه في الاستراتيجية الوطنية للمياه.
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