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DocumentAnalysis of the transaction costs occurring for the user, under the SMTA of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and the EU Regulation on Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol
Research Study 3
2014Also available in:
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DocumentAbatement and Transaction Costs of Carbon-Sink Projects Involving Smallholders 2006
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No results found.Agroforestry projects have the potential to help mitigate global warming by acting as sinks for greenhouse gasses. However, participation in carbon-sink projects may be constrained by high costs. This problem may be particularly severe for projects involving smallholders in developing countries. Of particular concern are the transaction costs incurred in developing projects, measuring, certifying and selling the carbon-sequestration services generated by such projects. This paper addresses these issues by analysing the implications of transaction and abatement costs in carbon-sequestration projects. A model of project participation is developed, which accounts for the conditions under which both buyers and sellers would be willing to engage in a carbon transaction that involves a long-term commitment. The model is used to identify critical project-design variables (minimum project size, farm price of carbon, minimum area of participating farms). A project feasibility frontier (PFF) is derived, which shows the minimum project size that is feasible for any given market price of carbon. The PFF is used to analyse how the transaction costs imposed by the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol affect project feasibility. -
DocumentIdentifying the factors that influence small-scale farmers' transaction costs in relation to seed acquisition 2004
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No results found.Using an ethnographic approach, this study explores small-scale farmers perceived transaction costs in relation to maize seed acquisition in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca. These farmers have different needs and require seed of diverse maize types with multiple traits in particular combinations. Formal seed distribution has yet to develop in this region and farmers depend mostly on informal seed sources. Issues of information about maize seed, seed transaction negotiation and enforcement are e xamined from a small-scale farmer perspective through the use of qualitative data. Results show that farmers perceived transaction costs are low to negligible in most cases where seed transactions take place locally, and tryst is indicated as a factor which serves to reduce transaction costs to a minimum. Though maybe not a transaction cost in the theoretical sense, the risk of crop failure due to inadequate seed is a main concern for farmers in relation to seed transactions.
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